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Explain Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses with sketch

Question

Explain Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses with sketch

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Solution

Hysteresis Loss:

Hysteresis loss is a type of energy loss that occurs in magnetic materials due to the lagging of the magnetization of the material behind the changes in the magnetizing field. This phenomenon is known as hysteresis and the associated energy loss is known as hysteresis loss.

Step by Step Explanation:

  1. When a magnetic field is applied to a magnetic material, it becomes magnetized. The magnetization of the material lags behind the changes in the magnetizing field. This is known as hysteresis.

  2. The hysteresis loop, which is a plot of the magnetizing field (H) against the magnetization of the material (B), shows this lag. The area inside the hysteresis loop represents the energy loss per unit volume per cycle, which is the hysteresis loss.

  3. The hysteresis loss is given by the equation: Hysteresis loss = ηB^1.6, where η is the hysteresis coefficient and B is the maximum flux density.

  4. The hysteresis loss can be reduced by using materials with a narrow hysteresis loop, such as silicon steel.

Eddy Current Loss:

Eddy current loss is a type of energy loss that occurs in magnetic materials due to the formation of circulating currents, known as eddy currents, within the material when it is subjected to a changing magnetic field.

Step by Step Explanation:

  1. When a magnetic material is subjected to a changing magnetic field, circulating currents, known as eddy currents, are induced within the material. These currents are due to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

  2. The eddy currents flow in loops within the plane of the material, and they generate heat due to the resistance of the material. This heat represents an energy loss, which is the eddy current loss.

  3. The eddy current loss is given by the equation: Eddy current loss = kE^2f^2B^2t^2, where k is a constant, E is the thickness of the material, f is the frequency of the magnetic field, B is the maximum flux density, and t is the thickness of the material.

  4. The eddy current loss can be reduced by using materials with high resistivity, such as ferrite, or by laminating the material, which breaks up the path of the eddy currents.

Sketch:

Unfortunately, as a text-based AI, I'm unable to provide sketches. However, you can easily find sketches of the hysteresis loop and the formation of eddy currents in a magnetic material in textbooks or online.

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Pulse width modulation current harmonics and space harmonics are some of the major factors affecting the rotor eddy current loss of the high-speed permanent magnet motor. In this study, based on the principle of the equivalent current sheet, a two-dimensional motor model in a rectangular coordinate system was established. Considering the armature reaction, the end effect, and the current harmonics generated by variable frequency power supply, the eddy current loss of the rotor at different frequencies was analyzed and calculated using the analytical and finite element methods (FEM). When the frequency is between 200 Hz and 600 Hz, the variation trend of the rotor eddy current loss with a frequency obtained by analytical calculation and FEM analysis is roughly the same, and the error is still within a reasonable range. However, as the frequency continues to increase, the error between the two becomes larger and larger. Furthermore, based on the two-dimensional FE model, the influence of the sleeve material, the thickness, and the composite structure on the rotor eddy current loss were studied and analyzed. It was found that adding a graphene shielding layer between the permanent magnet and the sleeve can effectively shield the harmonic magnetic field, greatly reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet, and effectively prevent the temperature of the permanent magnet from being too high, which is conducive to the continuous and stable operation of the high-speed permanent magnet motor.

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