A ball of mass m = 780 g is thrown with a speed of 8.6 m s–1 horizontally from a cliff of height h = 42 m as shown below. Air resistance can be considered negligible.(a) Explain whether the horizontal and vertical accelerations are equal or not.
Question
A ball of mass m = 780 g is thrown with a speed of 8.6 m s–1 horizontally from a cliff of height h = 42 m as shown below. Air resistance can be considered negligible.(a) Explain whether the horizontal and vertical accelerations are equal or not.
Solution
(a) The horizontal and vertical accelerations of the ball are not equal.
In the horizontal direction, there is no force acting on the ball (assuming air resistance is negligible), so according to Newton's first law (an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force), the horizontal acceleration is zero.
In the vertical direction, however, gravity is acting on the ball. This force causes the ball to accelerate downwards. According to Newton's second law (Force = mass x acceleration), the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.
Therefore, the horizontal acceleration (0 m/s²) is not equal to the vertical acceleration (9.8 m/s²).
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