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Satellite Navigational System IRNSS

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Satellite Navigational System IRNSS

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The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area.

Here are the steps of how it works:

  1. Launching Satellites: The IRNSS consists of a constellation of seven satellites. Three of these are geostationary satellites (located at 32.5°E, 83°E, and 131.5°E) and four are geosynchronous satellites.

  2. Signal Transmission: These satellites transmit signals that can be received by users with a receiver. The receiver uses these signals to calculate the user's precise location.

  3. Triangulation: The receiver calculates the distance to each satellite by the amount of time it takes for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. With distances to four or more satellites known, the receiver can determine the user's exact location through a process called triangulation.

  4. Continuous Tracking: The system continuously tracks the user's position, speed, and direction as long as the receiver is turned on and can receive signals from the satellites.

  5. Data Updates: The system updates the navigational data, such as the position of the satellites, the time, and any other system health information, which is used to improve the accuracy of the positioning information.

  6. Positioning and Timing: The IRNSS provides two types of services, namely, Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is provided to all the users and Restricted Service (RS), which is an encrypted service provided to authorized users.

The IRNSS system is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 meters in the primary service area.

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