Which of the following is TRUE about alcohols?Group of answer choicesAlcohols have two polar bonds, C-O and O-H with a bent shape.Alcohols have low boiling and melting points.Alcohols are insoluble in organic solvents.Alcohols have weaker intermolecular forces than alkanes and alkenes.
Question
Which of the following is TRUE about alcohols?Group of answer choicesAlcohols have two polar bonds, C-O and O-H with a bent shape.Alcohols have low boiling and melting points.Alcohols are insoluble in organic solvents.Alcohols have weaker intermolecular forces than alkanes and alkenes.
Solution
The statement that is TRUE about alcohols is: "Alcohols have two polar bonds, C-O and O-H with a bent shape."
Here's why:
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Alcohols do indeed have two polar bonds, C-O and O-H, and the molecule has a bent shape due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom. This gives the molecule a polar nature.
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Alcohols generally have higher boiling and melting points than similar-sized hydrocarbons (like alkanes and alkenes). This is due to the presence of hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules, which is a stronger intermolecular force and requires more energy to break.
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Alcohols are generally soluble in organic solvents. This is because of the principle "like dissolves like" - polar solvents (like alcohols) can dissolve polar solutes, and many organic solvents are polar or polarizable.
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Alcohols have stronger intermolecular forces than alkanes and alkenes due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. Alkanes and alkenes only have van der Waals forces (also known as London dispersion forces), which are weaker.
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