Question 11In the genetic code, mRNA is decoded in blocks of three bases, known as codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Proteins are built one amino acid at a time, with order determined by the order of the codons in the mRNA. There are 64 possible codons in this genetic code, but there are only 20 amino acids. What do the extra codons allow for?
Question
Question 11In the genetic code, mRNA is decoded in blocks of three bases, known as codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Proteins are built one amino acid at a time, with order determined by the order of the codons in the mRNA. There are 64 possible codons in this genetic code, but there are only 20 amino acids. What do the extra codons allow for?
Solution
The extra codons in the genetic code allow for redundancy, also known as degeneracy. This means that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. This redundancy is beneficial because it reduces the impact of mutations. If a mutation occurs that changes one codon to another, it might still code for the same amino acid, thus not affecting the protein that is produced. Additionally, some codons serve as start and stop signals for protein synthesis. The start codon marks the site at which translation into protein sequence begins, and the stop codon marks the site at which translation ends.
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