. A nurse is caring for a patient who cannot clot. Which end product of the clotting cascade is this patient unable to make?FibrinCollagenThrombinFibrinogen2. Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of red blood cells?ErythropoietinAldosteroneCreatinineRenin3. An unstable type of hemoglobin that cannot bind with oxygen is termed:oxyhemoglobin.methemoglobin.glycosylated hemoglobin.deoxyhemoglobin.4. When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:medulla.corpuscle.capsule.pyramid.5. A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?HepatitisSmallpoxMalariaTetanus6. A patient is undergoing a sleep lab test. When the sleep lab worker notices EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern, which phase of sleep is occurring?Non–rapid eye movement (REM)Delta waveFast waveREM7. Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?VomitingHyperventilationAn increase in noncarbonic acidsPneumonia8. Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions?Decreased bicarbonate productionHormonal inhibitionEnzyme secretionVasoconstriction9. The renin-angiotensin system will be activated by:decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles.increased blood volume.elevated sodium concentrations.renal hypertension.10. On average, the kidneys receive approximately _____ of the cardiac output.10-14%26-35%20-25%15-19%11. For legal purposes, brain death is defined as:lack of cortical function.death of the brainstem.cessation of entire brain function.a consistent vegetative state (VS).12. After birth, red blood cells are normally made only in the:liver.spleen.bone marrow.kidney.13. A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?IgDIgGIgMIgA14. A 40-year-old patient undergoes surgery for a PTH-secreting tumor in which the parathyroid is removed. Which physiological alteration would the nurse expect following surgery?Increased serum calciumIncreased calcitoninDecreased bone formationDecreased calcium reabsorption in the kidney15. When discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what term should use?NephronCollecting ductCalyxPyramid16. Where is the main site of aldosterone synthesis?KidneysAdrenal cortexLiverHypothalamus17. A patient experiences a severe head injury hitting a tree while riding a motorcycle. Breathing becomes deep and rapid but with normal pattern. What term should the nurse use for this condition?GaspingApneusisCentral neurogenic hyperventilationAtaxic breathing18. A patient diagnosed with a diffuse brain injury (DBI) is at increased risk for which complication?ArrhythmiaMeningitis infectionAcute brain swellingComplete loss of vision19. A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet. Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:bone marrow.fetuses.laboratories.T lymphocytes.20. The vermiform appendix is attached to the:cecum.ileum.duodenum.sigmoid colon.21. A 70-year-old patient is being closely monitored in the neurological critical care unit for a severe closed head injury. After 48 hours, signs of deterioration occur: pupils are small and sluggish, pulse pressure is widening, and heart rate is bradycardic. These clinical findings are evidence of what stage of intracranial hypertension?Stage 4Stage 2Stage 3Stage 122. A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:IgA.IgM.IgE.toxoids.23. The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:neutrophil.macrophage.lymphocyte.eosinophil.24. A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?HypoglycemiaConstipationLaxative abuseRespiratory acidosis25. A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse describing?ProgenitorBlastocystHematopoieticPluripotent26. After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing. Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinatesUpper respiratory tract mucosaIrritant receptors in the trachea and large airwaysIrritant receptors in the nostrils27. A patient has memory loss of events that occurred before a head injury. What cognitive disorder does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?Retrograde amnesiaSelective memory deficitAnterograde amnesiaExecutive memory deficit28. A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?AgglutinationPrecipitationCulture and sensitivityTiter29. Patients diagnosed with myasthenia gravis often have tumors or pathologic changes in the:thymus.pancreas.lungs.brain.30. What type of effect occurs when insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, resulting in an increase in glucose uptake by those muscle cells?DirectBiphasicPharmacologicPermissive