26. ​​ Cells can sometimes become non-responsive to chemicals that control cell growth, disrupting the cell cycle and causing uncontrollable cell growth and division. Which of the following disorders could probably be the result?*1 pointA. HIV/AIDSB. CancerC. Alzheimer's diseaseD. Cystic fibrosis27. Why is disruption to the cell cycle potentially dangerous to the organism? It is because*1 pointA. it could specialize the produced cells to a specific function.B. cells may exit the cell cycle and enter the G0 phase.C. it could result in the production of nonfunctional cells.D. the DNA may be replicated during the S phase.28. Which of the following characteristics describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane?*1 pointA. A lipid bilayer with hydrophobic heads facing outwardB. A lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwardC. A lipid monolayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwardD. A lipid monolayer with hydrophobic heads facing outward29. Certain antibiotics target bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes. Which of the following bacterial cell membrane structures are the antibiotics most likely interfering with?*1 pointA. ProteinsB. SugarsC. PhospholipidsD. Nucleic acids30. Scientists are studying a new mutation affecting the cholesterol content of the cell membrane. Which of the following functions of the cell membrane do you think will be most likely disrupted with this mutation?*1 pointA. Maintaining the structural integrity of the cell membraneB. Actively transporting large molecules across the membraneC. Anchoring proteins involved in cell signalingD. Regulating the passage of water and small ions31. Which of the following mechanisms best describes the semi-permeability of cell membrane?*1 pointA. The phospholipid bilayer restricts the movement of solid molecules and only allows water to pass through.B. The cell membrane allows water-insoluble molecules to pass freely but severely restricts the passage of water-soluble molecules.C. The cell membrane allows water-soluble molecules to pass but restricts the flow of lipids.D. Smaller hydrophobic molecules require assistance to pass through the cell membrane.32. Which of the following functions correctly describes the composition of a cell membrane in relation to its function?1 pointA. Glycoproteins help to give the cell support and shape.B. Cholesterol helps cells communicate with their external environment through hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules.C. Transport proteins help in cell-to-cell communications and molecule transport across the membrane.D. Glycolipids help the cell to recognize other cells of the body.33. Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semipermeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. Which of the following physiological events is observed in the human body showing the process of osmosis?*1 pointA. Blood cells bursting in an isotonic solutionB. Blood cells swelling in a hypertonic solutionC. Blood cell shrinking in a hypotonic solutionD. Blood cells bloating up in a hypotonic solution34. Membrane proteins involved in active transport are often called "pumps." What inference can you make based on the statement?1 pointA. They use energy to move a substance along its concentration gradient.B. They use energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient.C. They use energy to bind a substance to the carrier for transport.D. They use energy to dislodge a substance from the carrier after transport.35. If a cell lacks glucose to be utilized in energy production, which of the following membrane proteins would most likely be a problem? *1 pointA. carrierB. channelC. receptorD. cell-recognition36. Which of the following active transport processes occurs when a virus or a bacteria is engulfed and eliminated by white blood cells?*1 pointA. ExocytosisB. EndocytosisC. Vesicle TransportD. None of the above37. How would you classify a biomolecule found to be a non-polar molecule with three long fatty acid chains esterified to glycerol?*1 pointA. It is a steroid protein.B. It is a cholesterol lipid.C. It is an unsaturated fatty acid.D. It is a triglyceride.38. During an immune response to infection, B lymphocytes produce specific antibodies that can bind to and neutralize pathogens. Which of the following biological molecule is the main component of an antibody and allows it to recognize and target specific antigens?*1 pointA. Nucleic acid – stores genetic information for antibody productionB. Carbohydrate – binds to protein to recognize pathogenic cellsC. Protein – detects harmful substances and binds to specific antigensD. Enzyme – produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst and breaks down molecules39. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the structure and function among the classifications of carbohydrates?*1 pointA. Monosaccharides: the simplest form of carbohydrates; structural material for the cellB. Disaccharides: formed from two monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds; energy sourceC. Polysaccharides: long chain of complex sugars; storage form of carbohydratesD. Polysaccharides: long chain of disaccharides; structural material for the cell40. Which of the following statements will most likely happen if the biomolecule protein is missing in the maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms?*1 pointA. There will be no myosin and no contraction of muscles that will help metabolic processes.B. There will be reduced hormones and proper communication between cells, tissues, and organs.C. Regulation of food intake and glucose and lipid metabolism occur.D. Structural support, growth, and repair will still happen.