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Briefly define the following terms: (6 marks)i. Amorphous material,ii. Single crystal material,iii. Copolymer

Question

Briefly define the following terms: (6 marks)i. Amorphous material,ii. Single crystal material,iii. Copolymer

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Solution 1

i. Amorphous Material: These are materials that lack a crystalline structure. Their atoms or molecules are not arranged in a specific, regular manner. Examples of amorphous materials include glass, many polymers, and thin films.

ii. Single Crystal Material: This is a type of material where the crystal structure of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries. These materials have different properties in different directions, a property called anisotropy. Examples include some metals, ceramics, and most of the semiconductors used in electronics.

iii. Copolymer: This is a polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. The polymerization of these different types of monomers leads to a copolymer with a repeating sequence of monomeric units. Examples include rubber, nylon, and styrene-butadiene.

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Solution 2

i. Amorphous Material: These are materials that lack a crystalline structure. Their atoms or molecules are not arranged in a specific, regular manner. Examples include glass, rubber, and many types of plastic.

ii. Single Crystal Material: This is a type of material where the crystal structure extends without interruption in all three spatial dimensions. The absence of grain boundaries in these materials often results in high purity and uniformity. Examples include metals, ceramics, and certain types of gemstones.

iii. Copolymer: This is a polymer that is made up of two or more different types of monomers. The monomers are arranged in a repeating sequence within the polymer chain. Examples include styrene-butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

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