Which of the following concepts is a common part of most of the philosophical systemsa.Karmab.Liberationc.Re-birthd.all of the above

To answer the question, we need to analyze each option and determine if it is a common part of most philosophical systems.

a. Karma: Karma is a concept that is commonly found in many philosophical systems, particularly in Eastern philosophies such as Hinduism and Buddhism. It refers to the belief that one's actions in the present life will have consequences in future lives or in the afterlife. Therefore, karma can be considered a common part of many philosophical systems.

b. Liberation: Liberation, also known as moksha or nirvana, is another concept that is commonly found in various philosophical systems. It refers to the ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. This concept is particularly emphasized in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Therefore, liberation can also be considered a common part of many philosophical systems.

c. Re-birth: Re-birth, also known as reincarnation, is the belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. This concept is found in various philosophical systems, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and some forms of spirituality. Therefore, re-birth can also be considered a common part of many philosophical systems.

d. All of the above: Given that all three concepts (karma, liberation, and re-birth) are commonly found in many philosophical systems, the correct answer to the question is "d. all of the above."

In conclusion, all of the concepts mentioned (karma, liberation, and re-birth) are common parts of most philosophical systems.