Communication is defined as the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a system of signs, symbols. The concept of communication involves a sender, a message and a recipient.The sender sends the message and the recipient is the receiver of the message. The process of communication is never smooth as it is affected by the barriers of communication.Barriers to effective communication can result in confusion which can lead to incorrect information being conveyed or miscommunication which can lead to loss of business.Following are some of the barriers to effective communication:1. Semantic barriers: Badly expressed message, words with different meaning, faulty translations etc2. Psychological barriers: Anger, Fear, Anxiety etc3. Organisational barriers: Organisational facilities, Complexity in organisational structure, Rules and regulations, Status, Organisational policy etc4. Personal barriers: Lack of vocabulary, lack of knowledge, lack of hearing etcCommunication may be Formal or Informal.FORMAL COMMUNICATION: Formal communication refers to official communication which take place following the chain of command. INFORMALCOMMUNICATION: communication takes place without following the formal line of communication.Grapevine is an informal corporate communication route. It gets its name from the fact that it reaches throughout the corporation in all directions, regardless of authority levels.COMMUNICATION PROCESS:The communication process consists of the following elements.i) Sender: The person who conveys the  message.ii)  Message: It is the subject matter of communication.iii) Encoding: The sender translates the message into words, gestures or other symbolsiv) Channel or Media: The encoded message is transmitted through some medium.v) Decoding: It means process of conversion of symbols into the message by the receiver.vi) Receiver: The person, who receives the message, is called the receiver.vii) Feedback: The receiver sends his response to the sender of the message.viii) Noise It means an obstruction or hindrance in the communication process.1.Identify the role of communication that can be illustrated by the picture given below in which Mr. Anuj, the manager of MARICOM Ltd is discussing about the future goals to be achieved by the company.*1 pointEffective communication decreases moraleof employeesEffective communication leads to lessproductivity and wastage of timeEffective communication increasesmanagerial efficiency in order to achievegoalsBoth (a) and (b)2.  Identify the type of communication illustrated by the picture given below in which all the colleagues are talking to each other without following a scalar chain*1 pointInformal communicationFormal communicationLateral communicationGrapevine communication3. At Sky lark Ltd, there is no reward or appreciation for a good suggestion. Thus, the subordinates are not willing to offer any useful suggestions to their superiors. Identify the type of barrier to communication that has been created in the firm due to this.*1 pointSemantic barrier.Personal barrierPsychological barrierOrganizational barrier.4. The process of conversion of symbols into message by the receiver is called as-----in communication.*1 pointNoiseEncodingDecodingFeedback