Overall, 58.2% of mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding and 22.5% directly introduced peanuts to their infant by 12 months. At 7 years, 9.4% of children were sensitized to peanuts. The lowest incidence (1.7%) was observed among children whose mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding and directly introduced peanuts before 12 months. Incidence was significantly higher (P < .05) if mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding but delayed introducing peanuts to their infant beyond 12 months (15.1%), or if mothers avoided peanuts themselves but directly introduced peanuts by 12 months (17.6%). Interaction analyses controlling for study group and maternal atopy confirmed that maternal peanut consumption while breast-feeding and infant peanut consumption by 12 months were protective in combination, whereas either exposure in isolation was associated with an increased risk of sensitization (P interaction = .003).
Question
Overall, 58.2% of mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding and 22.5% directly introduced peanuts to their infant by 12 months. At 7 years, 9.4% of children were sensitized to peanuts. The lowest incidence (1.7%) was observed among children whose mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding and directly introduced peanuts before 12 months. Incidence was significantly higher (P < .05) if mothers consumed peanuts while breast-feeding but delayed introducing peanuts to their infant beyond 12 months (15.1%), or if mothers avoided peanuts themselves but directly introduced peanuts by 12 months (17.6%). Interaction analyses controlling for study group and maternal atopy confirmed that maternal peanut consumption while breast-feeding and infant peanut consumption by 12 months were protective in combination, whereas either exposure in isolation was associated with an increased risk of sensitization (P interaction = .003).
Solution
The study shows that the consumption of peanuts by mothers during breastfeeding and the introduction of peanuts to infants before they reach 12 months can significantly reduce the risk of peanut sensitization in children. Specifically, only 1.7% of children whose mothers followed this pattern were sensitized to peanuts by the age of 7.
However, if mothers consumed peanuts during breastfeeding but delayed introducing peanuts to their infants beyond 12 months, the incidence of peanut sensitization increased to 15.1%. Similarly, if mothers avoided peanuts but introduced them to their infants before 12 months, the incidence was 17.6%.
The study concludes that the combination of maternal peanut consumption during breastfeeding and infant peanut consumption by 12 months is protective against peanut sensitization. In contrast, either exposure in isolation increases the risk of sensitization. This conclusion is supported by interaction analyses controlling for study group and maternal atopy, with a P interaction value of .003, indicating a statistically significant result.
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