Consider the following causal argument:Dave: Eating a paleo diet (a diet high in protein and unprocessed foods) has massive health benefits. And I’m not just making this up! I did some research. I chatted with 10 different people who are on the paleo diet, and all of them looked really fit and healthy.Which one of the following claims is true of Dave’s argument:Group of answer choicesThe people who are on the paleo diet are the test group, and Dave is the control group.The people who are on the paleo diet are the test group, and the people who are not on the paleo diet are the control group.Dave does not set up a test group and a control group in this argument.The people who are on the paleo diet are the control group, and the people who are not on the paleo diet are the test group.

Analyse why people are now questioning the effectiveness of the Paleo Diet?

The following paragraph is from an argumentative essay:Everyone should adopt a vegetarian diet because it's clearly more healthy. Researchers recently published the results of a 30-year study that tracked the eating habits and health conditions of 150,000 Americans. Their research found that people who ate at least 1 portion of red meat every day developed heart disease at five times the rate of the other people in the study. They also found that the same individuals had a shorter life span on average.Which revision decreases the paragraph's bias?a.)Everyone should adopt a vegetarian diet because it's clearly more healthy. Researchers recently published the results of a 30-year study that tracked the eating habits and health conditions of 150,000 Americans. Their research found that people who ate at least 1 portion of red meat every day developed heart disease at five times the rate of the other people in the study. All Americans then end up paying the price for the costly health care that these people need.b.)Everyone should adopt a vegetarian diet because it's clearly more healthy. American researchers have studied the health effects of eating red meat. Their research found that people who ate at least 1 portion of red meat every day developed heart disease at five times the rate of the other people in the study. They also found that the same individuals had a shorter life span on average.c.)Everyone should adopt a vegetarian diet because it's clearly more healthy. Researchers recently published the results of a 30-year study that tracked the eating habits and health conditions of 150,000 Americans. Their research found that people who eat red meat regularly are at greater risk for heart disease. They also found that the same individuals had a shorter life span on average.d.)Eating red meat appears to be tied to negative health outcomes. Researchers recently published the results of a 30-year study that tracked the eating habits and health conditions of 150,000 Americans. Their research found that people who ate at least 1 portion of red meat every day developed heart disease at five times the rate of the other people in the study. They also found that the same individuals had a shorter life span on average.

If the researchers in the observational study found strong results, why might we be skeptical that they were caused by the diets implemented?The researchers didn't study the lurking variables.We can never be 100% certain of a claim of causation based on an observational study.The Hawthorne Effect is biasing the data.The response variable is too subjective.

The first group of researchers find that all the participants who agreed to be on one of the diet plans had fewer health problems and lived longer than the participants in the control group.  They send these results into a journal for publication but the reviewer becomes worried that, because the participants were allowed to choose which treatment group they would be in, there could be cause for concern. The reviewer asked the researchers to control for exercise in their study by comparing participants who had similar lifestyles but different diets. Researchers discovered that all of the more active participants chose to be on the trendy diets and all of the less active participants chose to be on the traditional American diet. Because this was the case it is very hard for researchers to determine if the diets were causing the positive health outcomes or if the more active lifestyles were causing the positive health outcomes.Lifestyle could therefore be a: Hint, displayed belowPositive OutcomeLurking VariableExplanatory VariableResponse Variable

In inference to the best explanation, if an explanation is the best among competitors, then the argument isGroup of answer choicesInductively weakInconclusiveValidInductively strong