Why have experts struggled to quantify the extent of the decline of indigenous American peoples in North, Central, and South America during this time period?Group of answer choicesThere were no eye witness accounts.Census records and population data for this period do not existColumbus did not leave records of his conquestNone of the above

How did the Age of Exploration most affect indigenous populations in the Americas?Responsesthe participation in global tradethe, , participation, , in, , global, , tradethe domestication of animalsthe, , domestication, , of, , animalsthe use of metal tools for farmingthe use of metal tools for farming ,the introduction of diseases

What does the source imply was a significant factor in the decline of the indigenous population of Hispaniola?The introduction of diseases such as Measles and Small Pox.The successful military alliances formed by the Indians against the Spaniards.The establishment of democratic institutions by the Spaniards.The voluntary migration of Indians to other parts of the Americas.

Between the time Europeans first arrived in the Americas in the late fifteenth century and the year 1900, the population of Native Americans declined from millions to just 250,000. Which of the following patterns of intergroup relations best explains this fact?A.segregationB.pluralismC.assimilationD.genocide

What factors allowed for the development of empires in central Mexico and the Andes?Archaeologists believe that migrants from Asia crossed a 100-mile-wide land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska during the last Ice Age sometime between 13,000 and 3000 b.c. and thus became the first Americans. The first wave of this migratory stream from Asia lasted from about fifteen thousand to nine thousand years ago. Then the glaciers melted, and the rising ocean submerged the land bridge beneath the Bering Strait (Map 1.1). Around eight thousand years ago, a second movement of peoples, traveling by water across the same narrow strait, brought the ancestors of the Navajos and the Apaches to North America. The forebears of the Aleut and Inuit peoples, the “Eskimos,” came in a third wave around five thousand years ago. Then, for three hundred generations, the peoples of the Western Hemisphere were largely cut off from the rest of the world. Migrants moved across the continents as they hunted and gathered available resources. Most flowed southward, and the densest populations developed in central Mexico — home to some 20 million people at the time of first contact with Europeans — and the Andes Mountains, with a population of perhaps 12 million. In North America, a secondary trickle pushed to the east, across the Rockies and into the Mississippi Valley and the eastern woodlands.Around 6000 B.C., Native peoples in present-day Mexico and Peru began raising domesticated crops. Mesoamericans cultivated maize (corn) into a nutritious plant with a higher yield per acre than wheat, barley, or rye, the staple cereals of Europe. In Peru they also bred the potato, a root crop of unsurpassed nutritional value. The resulting agricultural surpluses encouraged population growth and laid the foundation for wealthy, urban societies in Mexico and Peru, and later in the Mississippi Valley and the southeastern woodlands of North America (Map 1.2).

What theories have been proposed to account for the migration of Paleo-Indians to North America?