b) In chromatography, the ingredients ofa mixture rise up to a limited heightwhen water rises up to the upper endof the paper.

In chromatography, the separation of a mixture into its individual components is based on the differential affinities of each component towards both the stationary and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is the substance fixed in place for the chromatography procedure. The mobile phase is the fluid that carries the mixture of substances to be separated through the stationary phase.

When water (or any other suitable liquid) is used as the mobile phase and rises up to the upper end of the paper (which is the stationary phase), the different components of the mixture will rise up to different heights on the paper. This is because each component has a different affinity towards the water and the paper.

The component that has a higher affinity for the water (and less for the paper) will travel further up the paper with the water. Conversely, the component that has a higher affinity for the paper (and less for the water) will not travel as far up the paper.

This differential movement of the components up the paper allows for their separation and subsequent identification or analysis.