The primary motivation behind pro-social behavior, according to the negative-state relief model, is to:

The primary motivation behind pro-social behavior, according to the negative-state relief model, is to alleviate one's own negative moods or emotions. This model suggests that individuals engage in pro-social behaviors, such as helping others, in order to reduce their own distress or discomfort. Here are the steps to understand this:

1. Understand Pro-social Behavior: Pro-social behavior refers to actions that benefit others or society as a whole, such as helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering.

2. Understand the Negative-State Relief Model: This model suggests that people help others as a way to alleviate their own negative feelings or distress. The idea is that helping others can provide a sense of relief from personal distress, making us feel better about ourselves.

3. Apply the Model to Pro-social Behavior: According to this model, the primary motivation behind pro-social behavior is self-focused rather than other-focused. That is, people engage in pro-social behaviors primarily to alleviate their own negative feelings, not necessarily because they empathize with the distress of others.

4. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the negative-state relief model, the primary motivation behind pro-social behavior is to alleviate one's own negative moods or emotions.