1. Data Redundancy: In a flat file approach, the same data may be duplicated in multiple files which can lead to inconsistencies. This is because each file is created for specific applications and therefore, the same piece of data may be required in several different files. In contrast, a relational database approach reduces data redundancy by storing data in one place where it can be accessed by multiple applications.

2. Data Integrity: Maintaining data integrity is a challenge in a flat file approach. If data in one file is updated, the same data in other files may not get updated leading to inconsistencies. In a relational database approach, data integrity is maintained through constraints and relationships between tables.

3. Difficulty in Accessing Data: In a flat file approach, accessing and manipulating data can be difficult and time-consuming as it may require searching through multiple files. On the other hand, a relational database approach provides structured querying capabilities making it easier to access and manipulate data.

4. Lack of Security: Flat file approach does not provide robust security features. Anyone with access to the file can view or modify the data. In contrast, a relational database approach provides robust security features such as access controls and encryption to protect sensitive data.

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1. Data Redundancy: In a flat file approach, the same data may be duplicated in multiple files which can lead to inconsistencies. This is because each file is created for specific applications and therefore, the same piece of data may be required in several different files. In contrast, a relational database approach reduces data redundancy by storing data in one place where it can be accessed by multiple applications.

2. Data Integrity: Maintaining data integrity is a challenge in a flat file approach. If data in one file is updated, the same data in other files may not get updated leading to inconsistencies. In a relational database approach, data integrity is maintained through constraints and relationships between tables.

3. Difficulty in Accessing Data: In a flat file approach, accessing and manipulating data can be difficult and time-consuming as it may require searching through multiple files. On the other hand, a relational database approach provides structured querying capabilities making it easier to access and manipulate data.

4. Lack of Security: Flat file approach does not provide robust security features. Anyone with access to the file can view or modify the data. In contrast, a relational database approach provides robust security features such as access controls and encryption to protect sensitive data.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer

1. Data Redundancy: In a flat file approach, the same data may be duplicated in multiple files which can lead to inconsistencies. This is because each file is created for specific applications and therefore, the same piece of data may be required in several different files. In contrast, a relational database approach reduces data redundancy by storing data in one place where it can be accessed by multiple applications.

2. Data Integrity: Maintaining data integrity is a challenge in a flat file approach. If data in one file is updated, the same data in other files may not get updated leading to inconsistencies. In a relational database approach, data integrity is maintained through constraints and relationships between tables.

3. Difficulty in Accessing Data: In a flat file approach, accessing and manipulating data can be difficult and time-consuming as it may require searching through multiple files. On the other hand, a relational database approach provides structured querying capabilities making it easier to access and manipulate data.

4. Lack of Security: Flat file approach does not provide robust security features. Anyone with access to the file can view or modify the data. In contrast, a relational database approach provides robust security features such as access controls and encryption to protect sensitive data.

Explain four disadvantages of flat file approach over relational database approach in respect to data management.

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