Before each participant can participate in the experiment, they need to:Question 12Select one:a.Sign an informed consentb.Receive a full debriefing about what the study is aboutc.Be told why deception is necessaryd.Be given information about how to obtain additional information about the study

1. Informed Consent: This is a fundamental principle in psychological research. Participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their 'informed consent' to participate. For example, if a study involves a potentially distressing scenario, participants must be made aware of this before they agree to take part. 2. Deception: Deception is generally frowned upon in psychological research unless absolutely necessary for the study. If deception is used, participants must be debriefed after the study, explaining the true nature of the research. For instance, in the famous Milgram experiment, participants were deceived about the true nature of the 'shocks' they were administering, but were fully debriefed afterwards. 3. Right to Withdraw: Participants should always have the right to withdraw from a study at any time without any negative consequences. For example, if a participant in a study on stress starts to feel uncomfortable, they should be able to leave the study immediately. 4. Confidentiality: Researchers must ensure that all data collected from participants is kept confidential and anonymous. For instance, if a study is conducted on mental health, the identities of the participants should not be disclosed in any published reports. 5. Protection from Harm: Researchers must ensure that participants will not be caused distress or harm. If there is a risk, researchers must take steps to minimize it. For example, in a study involving physical exercise, researchers must ensure participants are physically capable and have medical clearance to participate. 6. Debriefing: After the study, researchers should provide a debriefing for participants explaining the purpose and results of the research. For example, after a study on memory, participants should be told about the hypotheses and findings of the study. 7. Data Management: Researchers must manage and store their data in a way that complies with relevant data protection laws. For example, personal data should be securely stored and only used for the purposes agreed upon by the participant. 8. Review by Ethics Committee: Most psychological research must be approved by an ethics committee before it can begin. This committee ensures that the study complies with all ethical guidelines. For instance, a study proposing to use vulnerable populations (e.g., children, prisoners) would be closely scrutinized by the committee to ensure ethical standards are met.(write two more point with example )

To document that the research participant has voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, the research participant must:A. Pass a test of comprehension.B. Meet with the institution's Institutional Review Board (IRB).C. Sign and date the Informed Consent Form.D. All of the above.

Informed consent is typically obtained:a. during an experimentb. before an experimentc. after an experimentd. it is not typical to obtain informed consent

When doing research involving deception with human subjects, researchers have an obligation to do which of the following? A. Tell subjects the truth about the study’s purpose and methods after the study is completed B. Prevent mental and physical harm to subjects C. Let subjects withdraw from the study at any time if they don’t want to keep participating

If you are conducting research and decide to withhold some information about the nature of the study, you are using:Select one:a.natural simulation.b.passive deception.c.a masked cover story.d.role playing.