Batch System:

A batch system is a type of operating system where the same types of processes are batched together for execution. The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.

The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the 'Batch Monitor' resides in the low end of main memory. This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers.

Multiprogrammed System:

Multiprogramming is a method where multiple programs or processes are loaded into the main memory and executed concurrently to improve CPU utilization. The main idea behind multiprogramming is to have a process running at all times. If several jobs are ready to be brought into memory, and if there is not enough room for all of them, then the system must choose among them.

In a multiprogramming system, when one job needs to wait for I/O, the operating system simply switches to another job. In this way, the CPU is never idle unless there are no jobs to process. This is beneficial as it helps in maximizing CPU utilization and minimizing the time it takes to execute all jobs.

The operating system keeps several jobs in memory at a time. This set of jobs is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool. The operating system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory. Eventually, the job may have to wait for some task, such as an I/O operation, to complete. In a non-multiprogramming system, the CPU would sit idle. In a multiprogramming system, the operating system simply switches to, and executes, another job. When that job needs to wait, the system switches to another job, and so on. Eventually, the first job finishes waiting and gets the CPU back. As long as there is always some job to execute, the CPU is never idle.

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Batch System:

A batch system is a type of operating system where the same types of processes are batched together for execution. The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.

The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the 'Batch Monitor' resides in the low end of main memory. This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers.

Multiprogrammed System:

Multiprogramming is a method where multiple programs or processes are loaded into the main memory and executed concurrently to improve CPU utilization. The main idea behind multiprogramming is to have a process running at all times. If several jobs are ready to be brought into memory, and if there is not enough room for all of them, then the system must choose among them.

In a multiprogramming system, when one job needs to wait for I/O, the operating system simply switches to another job. In this way, the CPU is never idle unless there are no jobs to process. This is beneficial as it helps in maximizing CPU utilization and minimizing the time it takes to execute all jobs.

The operating system keeps several jobs in memory at a time. This set of jobs is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool. The operating system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory. Eventually, the job may have to wait for some task, such as an I/O operation, to complete. In a non-multiprogramming system, the CPU would sit idle. In a multiprogramming system, the operating system simply switches to, and executes, another job. When that job needs to wait, the system switches to another job, and so on. Eventually, the first job finishes waiting and gets the CPU back. As long as there is always some job to execute, the CPU is never idle.

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Batch System:

A batch system is a type of operating system where the same types of processes are batched together for execution. The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.

The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the 'Batch Monitor' resides in the low end of main memory. This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers.

Multiprogrammed System:

Multiprogramming is a method where multiple programs or processes are loaded into the main memory and executed concurrently to improve CPU utilization. The main idea behind multiprogramming is to have a process running at all times. If several jobs are ready to be brought into memory, and if there is not enough room for all of them, then the system must choose among them.

In a multiprogramming system, when one job needs to wait for I/O, the operating system simply switches to another job. In this way, the CPU is never idle unless there are no jobs to process. This is beneficial as it helps in maximizing CPU utilization and minimizing the time it takes to execute all jobs.

The operating system keeps several jobs in memory at a time. This set of jobs is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool. The operating system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory. Eventually, the job may have to wait for some task, such as an I/O operation, to complete. In a non-multiprogramming system, the CPU would sit idle. In a multiprogramming system, the operating system simply switches to, and executes, another job. When that job needs to wait, the system switches to another job, and so on. Eventually, the first job finishes waiting and gets the CPU back. As long as there is always some job to execute, the CPU is never idle.

Explain batch system and Multiprogrammed System in detail.

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