Write short note on production of penicillin.Which type of growth culture will be used for industrial production of penicillin.

Penicillin is a group of antibiotics that were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. It is derived from the mold Penicillium and is produced through a process of fermentation.

The production of penicillin involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of the Medium: The first step in the production of penicillin is the preparation of the medium in which the Penicillium mold will grow. This medium usually contains sources of carbon, nitrogen, and other necessary nutrients.

2. Inoculation: The next step is the inoculation of the Penicillium spores into the medium. This is done under sterile conditions to prevent the growth of unwanted organisms.

3. Fermentation: The inoculated medium is then allowed to ferment. During fermentation, the Penicillium mold grows and produces penicillin.

4. Extraction and Purification: After fermentation, the penicillin is extracted from the medium and purified. This is usually done using a process called solvent extraction.

5. Drying: The purified penicillin is then dried to remove any remaining water. This results in a powder that can be packaged and distributed.

For the industrial production of penicillin, a deep-tank fermentation method is used. This involves growing the Penicillium mold in large, deep tanks. The deep-tank method allows for the production of large quantities of penicillin in a controlled environment.