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4. Define HDLC. Explain the HDLC frame formats. [1+4]

Question

  1. Define HDLC. Explain the HDLC frame formats. [1+4]
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Solution

HDLC, or High-Level Data Link Control, is a bit-oriented code-transparent synchronous data link layer protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It was designed to support both half-duplex and full-duplex communication over point-to-point and multi-point links. It is used for the transmission of data over communication networks.

The HDLC frame format consists of several fields:

  1. Flag Field: This is an 8-bit sequence that marks the beginning and end of the frame. The flag is a unique sequence that does not appear anywhere else within the frame's data. The standard flag sequence is 01111110.

  2. Address Field: This field identifies the secondary station that sent or will receive the frame. In a balanced configuration, this field is often omitted, as the address can be determined by the direction of the transmission.

  3. Control Field: This field determines the type of the frame. There are three types of frames in HDLC - Information frames (I-frames), Supervisory frames (S-frames), and Unnumbered frames (U-frames). I-frames carry user data, S-frames are used for control purposes, and U-frames are used for system management.

  4. Information Field: This field carries the actual data to be transmitted. The size of this field can vary.

  5. Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Field: This field is used for error detection. It contains a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) that the receiver uses to check for errors in the frame.

  6. Flag Field: The frame ends with another flag sequence, identical to the one at the beginning of the frame. This allows for the receiver to know when the frame ends.

Each of these fields plays a crucial role in the transmission and reception of data in HDLC.

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