For parts (a) and (b), use your knowledge of intermolecular forces to predict thecompound with the highest boiling temperature.(a) A HFB H 2OC NH 3D CH4(1)(b) A 1-iodobutaneB 1-chlorobutaneC 2-methyl-2-iodopropaneD 2-methyl-2-chloropropane
Question
For parts (a) and (b), use your knowledge of intermolecular forces to predict thecompound with the highest boiling temperature.(a) A HFB H 2OC NH 3D CH4(1)(b) A 1-iodobutaneB 1-chlorobutaneC 2-methyl-2-iodopropaneD 2-methyl-2-chloropropane
Solution
(a) The compound with the highest boiling temperature would be H2O (water). This is because water has hydrogen bonding, which is the strongest type of intermolecular force. Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like oxygen in this case) and is attracted to another electronegative atom.
(b) The compound with the highest boiling temperature would be 1-iodobutane. This is because iodine is larger and has more electrons than chlorine, which means it has a larger electron cloud that can easily be polarized. This results in stronger London dispersion forces (a type of van der Waals force) in 1-iodobutane compared to the other compounds. London dispersion forces increase with the size and shape of the molecule, so the larger the molecule, the higher the boiling point.
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