Which branch rules if laws passed by Congress are constitutional?

The branch of the U.S. government that rules if laws passed by Congress are constitutional is the Judicial Branch, specifically the Supreme Court. Here are the steps explaining this process:

1. Congress passes a law: The process begins with the legislative branch, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. These bodies work together to pass federal laws.

2. Challenge to the law: After a law is passed, it may be challenged in court, often on the grounds that it is unconstitutional. This can be done by individuals, businesses, or even state governments.

3. Case moves up through the court system: The case begins in the lower courts, and can be appealed all the way up to the Supreme Court.

4. Supreme Court review: If the Supreme Court decides to hear the case, they will review all the lower court's findings, hear arguments from both sides, and then make a decision.

5. Supreme Court decision: The Supreme Court then rules on whether the law is constitutional or not. If they rule that it is not, the law is struck down.

This process ensures that all laws passed by Congress adhere to the Constitution.