The decision by Meiji leaders in Japan to change the motto of Japan from 'Civilization and Enlightenment' to one of 'Western Science, Japanese Essence' was done to accomplish which of the following?A) To cover up the fact that the Japanese government's attempts to 'civilize' and 'enlighten' the Japanese people failed.B) To make Japan's goals more easily understood by the majority of the Japanese population who were unfamiliar with Western terms and concepts like 'civilization' and 'enlightenment.'C) To reinforce the Japanese government's commitment to slow the pace at which Japan was 'Westernized' due to backlash from Japanese citizens who felt their traditions, values and customs were very important.D) To further appeal to Western nations for their support and continued peaceful relations with Japan by making it clear that Japan supported and admired the scientific knowledge of Western nations.

How did Japan expand its influence similar to the Western powers?*4 pointsBy signing peace treatiesBy increasing foreign aidThrough cultural exchangesThrough military conquest

Choose ONE option from the following which shows an important Meiji reform to modernize Japan and enhance its economy.ResponsesTraditional Japanese industries, such as tea processing and silk production, expanded more.Traditional Japanese industries, such as tea processing and silk production, expanded more.Public schools and hospitalsPublic schools and hospitalsHairstyles, clothes, culture, and sports changed as well.

“The essence of education, our traditional national aim, is to promote benevolence, justice, loyalty, filial piety, and knowledge and skill. But recently, people have been going to extremes by embracing a foreign civilization whose only values are fact-gathering and technical-skill. These values bring harm to our customary ways. We try to incorporate the best features of foreigners in order to achieve the lofty goals that the Meiji emperor desires. We have tried to abandon the undesirable practices of the past and learn from the outside world. But these policies have had a serious defect. They have reduced benevolence, justice, loyalty, and filial piety to secondary goals. If we indiscriminately imitate foreign ways, our people will forget the great principles governing the relations between ruler and subject and the relations between father and son.”Motoday Nagazane, adviser to the Meiji emperor, treatise written following a tour of Japanese schools with the emperor, 1879QuestionThe Meiji government’s “emulation of foreign ways” was most directly a response to which of the following nineteenth-century developments?ResponsesThe Qing Empire forcing Japan to accept tributary relationsThe Qing Empire forcing Japan to accept tributary relationsWestern states forcing Japan to open itself to tradeWestern states forcing Japan to open itself to tradeThe Qing Empire requiring Japan to make territorial concessions following the Sino-Japanese WarThe Qing Empire requiring Japan to make territorial concessions following the Sino-Japanese WarWestern states requiring Japan to accept Western advisers at the imperial court following the Opium Wars

29. Who Modernized and Westernized Japan  in 1853?

Social and economic problems in Japan at the end of the Edo Period led to dissatisfaction among the Japanese people. One result of this was:A) Japan had to turn to the USA and some European nations (England, France, Russia and the Netherlands) for financial aid to prevent the Japanese people from uprising and overthrowing the government.B) Japan creating a feudal society in the hope that this social structure would aid Japan's economy and help stabilize society.C) The resignation of the Shogun, reforms and the installation of the Emperor in the 'Meiji Restoration.'D) Japan attempting to take the focus off its' problems and to unite the Japanese people by attacking Russia with the aim of gaining control over Russia's trade with Europe.