Since World War II, people in developing countries have moved from rural to urban areas. The major cause of this movement has been the  arejection of traditional custom bexpectation of improved economic opportunities cguarantee of better housing dfear of civil war

To determine the major cause of the movement from rural to urban areas in developing countries since World War II, let's analyze each option step by step:

a) Rejection of traditional custom: While some individuals may move to urban areas to escape traditional customs, this is not typically the primary driver for large-scale migration. Traditional customs can be maintained in urban settings, and the rejection of these customs is more of a personal choice rather than a widespread cause.

b) Expectation of improved economic opportunities: This is a strong candidate. Urban areas often offer more job opportunities, higher wages, and better access to services and infrastructure compared to rural areas. The promise of a better economic future is a significant motivator for people to move to cities.

c) Guarantee of better housing: While urban areas may offer better housing options, this is not guaranteed. In fact, many people moving to cities end up in informal settlements or slums with poor living conditions. Therefore, the guarantee of better housing is not a primary cause of the movement.

d) Fear of civil war: Fear of civil war can cause people to move, but this is usually a factor in specific regions and during specific times of conflict. It is not a consistent or widespread cause of rural-to-urban migration since World War II.

Given this analysis, the most compelling reason for the large-scale movement from rural to urban areas in developing countries since World War II is:

b) Expectation of improved economic opportunities

To answer the question step by step:

1. Identify the context: The question is about the movement of people from rural to urban areas in developing countries since World War II.

2. Understand the options:

   • a) Rejection of traditional custom
   • b) Expectation of improved economic opportunities
   • c) Guarantee of better housing
   • d) Fear of civil war

3. Analyze each option:

   • Option a: While some people may move due to a rejection of traditional customs, this is not typically the primary reason for large-scale migration.
   • Option b: Economic opportunities are a major driving force for migration. People often move to urban areas in search of better jobs, higher wages, and improved living standards.
   • Option c: Better housing can be a factor, but it is usually a result of economic opportunities rather than a primary cause.
   • Option d: Fear of civil war can cause migration, but it is more specific to regions experiencing conflict and not a general trend since World War II.

4. Determine the most likely cause: Considering the historical context and the general trend of urbanization in developing countries, the expectation of improved economic opportunities is the most compelling reason.

5. Conclusion: The major cause of the movement from rural to urban areas in developing countries since World War II has been the expectation of improved economic opportunities.

Therefore, the correct answer is: b) Expectation of improved economic opportunities