Two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion make up a acid-base

The two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion are known as an acid and a base. This relationship is defined by the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory.

Step 1: Understand the concept of an acid and a base An acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion) to another substance. A base, on the other hand, is a substance that can accept a proton.

Step 2: Understand the Brønsted-Lowry theory According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid-base reaction involves the transfer of a proton from the acid to the base.

Step 3: Identify the acid and base in a reaction In a chemical reaction, the substance that donates a proton is the acid, and the substance that accepts the proton is the base.

For example, in the reaction between ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O), water acts as an acid by donating a proton to ammonia, which acts as a base by accepting the proton. This results in the formation of ammonium (NH4+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.

So, in summary, two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion make up an acid-base pair according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory.