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How would you convert ethanol to ethene?

Question

How would you convert ethanol to ethene?

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Solution

To convert ethanol to ethene, you would need to follow these steps:

  1. Dehydration of Ethanol: This is the first step in the process. It involves the removal of a molecule of water from ethanol. This can be achieved by heating ethanol at about 170°C in the presence of a strong acid like concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or concentrated phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The acid acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

  2. Distillation: The product of the dehydration process is a mixture of ethene and unreacted ethanol. To separate ethene from this mixture, you would need to distill it. Ethene has a lower boiling point than ethanol, so it will vaporize first. The vapors are then condensed to obtain pure ethene.

Here is the chemical equation for the reaction:

C2H5OH (ethanol) → C2H4 (ethene) + H2O (water)

Remember to always follow safety guidelines when performing chemical reactions.

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One method of producing ethanol is by the reaction of ethene and water, as represented below.C2H4(𝑔)+H2O(𝑔)⇄C2H5OH(𝑔)Δ𝐻°=−45kJ/mol𝑟𝑥𝑛(g) A chemist wants to run the reaction and maximize the amount of C2H5OH(𝑔) produced. Identify two ways the chemist could change the reaction conditions (other than adding or removing any chemical species) to favor the formation of more product. Justify your answer.

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