What is the effect of Electric field on a dielctric? Define a dipole

The electric field has a significant effect on a dielectric. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, the positive and negative charges within the dielectric material are displaced in opposite directions. This displacement of charges creates an induced electric field within the dielectric that opposes the external electric field. This process is known as polarization and it reduces the overall electric field within the dielectric.

A dipole is a pair of equal and opposite point charges separated by a distance. The simplest example of a dipole is a pair of electric charges of two opposite signs and equal magnitude separated by some distance. Dipoles can be characterized by their dipole moment, a vector quantity defined as the charge times the distance between the charges. In the presence of an electric field, dipoles will align with the field, which results in the polarization of the material.