The critique on the neurochemical position on music and pleasure provided in Dr Kat's video lecture is based on the idea that:Group of answer choicesThere is no evolutionary purpose for music.There has not been enough research on the topic.It is unclear what the neurochemical benefits of dancing and singing are.Emotional qualities such as happiness cannot be separated from context.

The mechanisms involved in processing emotion in music are unique and operate in distinct ways, independent of each other.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse

Music as an inherent form of human expression

Which of the statements below best summarises the link between Positive Psychology and Music and Health as presented in the video on musical flourishing?Group of answer choices The wellbeing and happiness orientation of positive psychology offers a strengths-based way to conceptualise the role of musicking to promote mental health. The frame of positive psychology can help us to understand whether people’s chosen engagement in music will promote happiness or unhappiness in their lives Music is most helpful in supporting an engaged life, because the concept of flow is closely linked to musical experiences by both musicians and non-musicians. People who are living a good life, an engaged life and a meaningful life are very likely to be musically engaged as there is a clear link between authentic happiness and music.

People sometimes dance for joy, or report that they are so happy that they could dance for joy.  However, one might wonder why this is so.  What is it about happiness that would lead someone to dance?  What exactly is dancing, when one ponders this activity that might otherwise be taken for granted?  Is it only a human practice, or is dancing something in which other animals also engage?Indeed, some animals do seem to dance, although their reasons for doing so are goal-based.  For instance, bees dance to provide information to other colony members, using complicated movements to describe the location and quality of a food source.  This behavior is not emotive; it would seem odd, if not unscientific, to ascribe an emotive character to such displays.  Nevertheless, these displays are communicative, as are emotive human behaviors.Might this similarity bespeak a common evolutionary basis for the dance of humans and other animals?  Perhaps, although there are differences which cast doubt on that hypothesis.  A bee's dance is its main method of communication, whereas most human communication is vocal.  Even with non-vocal communication such as sign language, the types of bodily movements are qualitatively different from those used in dance, as dance movements signify at most a general feeling or impression rather than corresponding to specific words or ideas.  If the bee's dance functions like human sign language (albeit in a much less sophisticated form), it is probably not an appropriate analogue to human dance at all; the term "dance" would be simply a weak metaphor.  Thus, if the bee's dance is a type of language, it is not the same sort of thing as human dance.Still, there are other types of animal behaviors that might more aptly be called dances.  Many animals perform courtship displays of varying complexity, in which carefully choreographed movements are designed to win the favor of a potential mate.  Historically, a connection between human dance and courtship has also been assumed, and often cautioned against.  For instance, in the 1950s Elvis was denounced by parents as a corrupting influence upon the young women who swooned over him, and some of his dance moves were censored.  People today likewise voice concerns with regard to the behavior of crowds in nightclubs and explicit lyrics in popular music.  A similar outcry will undoubtedly be heard in the future, as the struggle of parental restraint against youthful vigor continues.It should not be thought, however, that all amorous dancing is subject to condemnation.  Weddings include dance as a matter of custom, suggesting a long-standing endorsement within socially approved couplings.  Through social tradition or natural instinct, dance seems linked with romance in the human mind.  Nevertheless, such a connection is clearly not the whole story.  One of the most fundamental uses of dance is the physical expression of music—a language not of words, but emotion.If music expresses emotion and dance expresses music, then, do we dance not only "for joy" but for all emotions?  Seemingly not, but why?  Certainly, music itself conveys a wide spectrum of feelings.  Although we do not dance "for sadness" or "for anger," we do droop our bodies or clench our fists, and perhaps more subtle emotions produce other physical markers.  Still, happiness too can be seen in a smile, and to actually dance for joy is comparatively rare.  Is dance then truly an entity unto itself?  Or, is it merely one instance of a wider class of physical behaviors?Passage Title: What is Dance? Question 50Which of the following publications would most undermine the author's claims in the passage?A.A study refuting the idea that bee communication depends on odorsB.An editorial debating whether dancing is appropriate at social events for high schoolersC.An article describing a historical trend for societies to dance more frequently when populations declineD.An analysis stating that most human communication is non-verbal

Described in Dr Kat's video, what did Pinker (1997) suggest?Group of answer choicesMusic serves no evolutionary advantage.Ingesting music has no value.Music is inferior to other forms of communication.Music tastes like cheesecake.