To determine the ground state of atomic Fe (z=29), we need to consider the electron configuration of iron.

First, we need to determine the number of electrons in iron. Since the atomic number of iron is 29, it means that there are 29 electrons in total.

Next, we need to fill up the electron orbitals according to the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. The electron configuration of iron can be written as: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6.

Now, let's determine the spin of the electrons. According to the Pauli exclusion principle, each electron in an atom must have a unique set of quantum numbers, including its spin. The spin of an electron can be either "up" or "down", represented by the quantum numbers +1/2 and -1/2, respectively.

Since there are 29 electrons in iron, we have 29 electron spins. However, the 3d orbital can accommodate a maximum of 10 electrons, so we need to distribute the remaining 9 electrons among the available orbitals.

To do this, we start by filling up the orbitals with one electron each, with the same spin. Once all the orbitals have one electron, we can start pairing up the electrons with opposite spins.

In the case of iron, the electron configuration in the 3d orbital is 3d^6. This means that there are 6 electrons in the 3d orbital, with three pairs of opposite spins.

Finally, let's determine the magnetic moment of iron. The magnetic moment is a measure of the strength and direction of the magnetic field produced by a magnetic object. In the case of iron, the presence of unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital leads to a non-zero magnetic moment.

Since there are 6 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital, the magnetic moment of iron can be calculated as the sum of the magnetic moments of each electron. Each electron has a magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magneton (μB), so the total magnetic moment of iron is 6 μB.

In summary, the ground state of atomic Fe (z=29) has an electron configuration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6, with 6 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital and a magnetic moment of 6 μB.

Question

To determine the ground state of atomic Fe (z=29), we need to consider the electron configuration of iron.

First, we need to determine the number of electrons in iron. Since the atomic number of iron is 29, it means that there are 29 electrons in total.

Next, we need to fill up the electron orbitals according to the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. The electron configuration of iron can be written as: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6.

Now, let's determine the spin of the electrons. According to the Pauli exclusion principle, each electron in an atom must have a unique set of quantum numbers, including its spin. The spin of an electron can be either "up" or "down", represented by the quantum numbers +1/2 and -1/2, respectively.

Since there are 29 electrons in iron, we have 29 electron spins. However, the 3d orbital can accommodate a maximum of 10 electrons, so we need to distribute the remaining 9 electrons among the available orbitals.

To do this, we start by filling up the orbitals with one electron each, with the same spin. Once all the orbitals have one electron, we can start pairing up the electrons with opposite spins.

In the case of iron, the electron configuration in the 3d orbital is 3d^6. This means that there are 6 electrons in the 3d orbital, with three pairs of opposite spins.

Finally, let's determine the magnetic moment of iron. The magnetic moment is a measure of the strength and direction of the magnetic field produced by a magnetic object. In the case of iron, the presence of unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital leads to a non-zero magnetic moment.

Since there are 6 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital, the magnetic moment of iron can be calculated as the sum of the magnetic moments of each electron. Each electron has a magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magneton (μB), so the total magnetic moment of iron is 6 μB.

In summary, the ground state of atomic Fe (z=29) has an electron configuration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6, with 6 unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital and a magnetic moment of 6 μB.

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