At a crash test facility scientists run a car of mass m into a wall at a velocity v. The car comes to rest following the collision. The experiment is repeated several times at the same velocity for several different cars (all of mass m). Given that the mass of the cars and the velocity of the cars are all the same, what aspect of the collision can a car designer try to change to reduce the average force applied to the car (and hence to the occupants of the car)? Question 4Select one: a. Duration of the collision b. Change in momentum of the cars c. Force of the car on the ground d. Momentum of the cars e. The force of the wall on the ground
Question
At a crash test facility scientists run a car of mass m into a wall at a velocity v. The car comes to rest following the collision. The experiment is repeated several times at the same velocity for several different cars (all of mass m).
Given that the mass of the cars and the velocity of the cars are all the same, what aspect of the collision can a car designer try to change to reduce the average force applied to the car (and hence to the occupants of the car)?
Question 4Select one:
a. Duration of the collision
b. Change in momentum of the cars
c. Force of the car on the ground
d. Momentum of the cars
e. The force of the wall on the ground
Solution
The correct answer is a. Duration of the collision.
The force experienced by the car (and its occupants) during the collision is given by the change in momentum (which is constant for each test, as the mass and velocity of the cars are constant) divided by the time it takes for the collision to occur. Therefore, by increasing the time it takes for the collision to occur (i.e., making the collision last longer), the average force experienced by the car and its occupants can be reduced. This is why cars are designed to crumple upon impact - it increases the duration of the collision, thereby reducing the force experienced by the occupants.
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