Suppose two n × n matrices A and B are similar.(a) (8 pts) Show that A and B have the same eigenvalues
Question
Suppose two n × n matrices A and B are similar.(a) (8 pts) Show that A and B have the same eigenvalues
Solution
Two matrices A and B are said to be similar if there exists an invertible matrix P such that B = P^-1 * A * P.
Let's assume λ is an eigenvalue of A, with corresponding eigenvector x. Then we have:
A * x = λ * x
We can multiply both sides of this equation by P^-1 and P (on the left and right respectively) to get:
P^-1 * A * P * (P^-1 * x) = λ * (P^-1 * x)
This shows that λ is also an eigenvalue of B = P^-1 * A * P, with corresponding eigenvector P^-1 * x.
Therefore, if two matrices A and B are similar, they have the same eigenvalues.
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