A swimmer is towed through the water firstly while lying in a prone position on the water surface, then in a prone position but submerged under the water surface (assume the swimmer maintains the same horizontal position and is towed at the same speed in both situations). The person towing the swimmer would usually need to apply the greatest force to move the swimmer through the water in which situation:Question 17Answera.the prone position on the water surface and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a higher wave drag than when submergedb.the prone position on the water surface because in this position, the swimmer has a higher surface area exposed to two types of fluid than when submerged, which increases form dragc.the submerged prone position and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a less streamlined body position compared to when on the water surface, which increases form dragd.the submerged prone position and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a higher surface area exposed to the flow compared to when on the water surface, which increases surface drage.the same force would be applied to the swimmer in a prone position on the water surface and when submerged to move them at the same velocity through the water. This is because there is the same amount of form drag in both situations.
Question
A swimmer is towed through the water firstly while lying in a prone position on the water surface, then in a prone position but submerged under the water surface (assume the swimmer maintains the same horizontal position and is towed at the same speed in both situations). The person towing the swimmer would usually need to apply the greatest force to move the swimmer through the water in which situation:Question 17Answera.the prone position on the water surface and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a higher wave drag than when submergedb.the prone position on the water surface because in this position, the swimmer has a higher surface area exposed to two types of fluid than when submerged, which increases form dragc.the submerged prone position and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a less streamlined body position compared to when on the water surface, which increases form dragd.the submerged prone position and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a higher surface area exposed to the flow compared to when on the water surface, which increases surface drage.the same force would be applied to the swimmer in a prone position on the water surface and when submerged to move them at the same velocity through the water. This is because there is the same amount of form drag in both situations.
Solution
The person towing the swimmer would usually need to apply the greatest force to move the swimmer through the water in the prone position on the water surface and pulled quickly because, in this position, the swimmer has a higher wave drag than when submerged. This is because wave drag increases with speed and is more significant at the water surface where the swimmer is interacting with two different mediums - air and water. When the swimmer is submerged, the wave drag is significantly reduced as the swimmer is only interacting with one medium - water. Therefore, it would require more force to tow the swimmer quickly in a prone position on the water surface due to the increased wave drag.
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