he main property of myoglobin and hemoglobin that makes them an efficient system for oxygen delivery from lungs to muscles isAnswers: A. hydrophobicity.B. different binding affinities for oxygen.C. movement of the protein shapes.D. cooperativity.E. All of the above

Oxygen storage in muscle cells is mediated by the protein myoglobin, which consists of multiple α-helices held in a specific conformation.  Each myoglobin protein binds to one heme cofactor, which in turn can bind one oxygen molecule.  The bound oxygen can be released when a muscle cell's oxygen needs are not met by the blood.  The oxygen binding curve for myoglobin is shown in Figure 1, with the p50 (the oxygen partial pressure at which 50% of myoglobin molecules are bound to oxygen) value shown.Figure 1  Oxygen binding curve of myoglobinMyoglobin samples were exposed to different concentrations of the detergent N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine (EBB).Figure 2  Structure of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine (EBB).Oxygenated heme absorbs light at 409 nm when bound to myoglobin.  This absorbance shifts slightly when heme is not bound to myoglobin.  Figure 3 shows that as the concentration of EBB increases under atmospheric oxygen levels, the absorbance of the solution at 409 nm decreases, indicating that EBB causes partial myoglobin unfolding and heme release.Figure 3  Absorbance of a myoglobin solution at 409 nm as a function of EBB concentrationCircular dichroism revealed that the α-helices within myoglobin remain largely intact at all EBB concentrations.  Thermodynamic studies revealed that the standard Gibbs free energy of heme dissociation from myoglobin is approximately 8,000 kJ/mol.Kohn, E.M., Lee, J.Y., Calabro, A., Vaden, T.D., & Caputo, G.A. (2018). Heme dissociation from myoglobin in the presence of the zwitterionic detergent N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine: Effects of Ionic Liquids. Biomolecules, 8(4), 126. Question 33For myoglobin to bind oxygen, which of the following must be true?The partial pressure of oxygen must be above 0.25 kPa.Myoglobin must have an intact tertiary structure.Myoglobin must exist as a holoprotein.A.I and II onlyB.I and III onlyC.II and III onlyD.I, II, and III

explain/understand how hemoglobin binds oxygen

Which of the following has a stronger affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen has?

Cooperative binding of oxygen by hemoglobin__Answers: A. is induced by carbon monoxide.B. is a result of different affinities for oxygen by each subunit protein.C. is induced by oxygenation.D. is a result of interaction with myoglobin.

How is the majority of oxygen transported in the blood?Multiple ChoiceDissolved in the plasmaBound to the globin portion of hemoglobinIn the form of bicarbonate and waterBound to the heme portion of hemoglobin