The heating curve for water is shown below. Which of the following best describes what is happening on the molecular scale in the section labelled 'd' on this graph?Question 25AnswerThe heat added breaks the intermolecular forces between the water molecules in the liquid phase allowing them to move into the gas phase. The heat added breaks the covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water generating hydrogen and oxygen gas.The heat added increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the gas phase, increasing their speed and increasing the number of collisions with the vessel walls.The heat added provides the energy required for the formation of new intermolecular forces allowing the liquid water molecules to move into the gas phase.The heat added increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid phase, increasing their motion and expanding the volume of the liquid.
Question
The heating curve for water is shown below. Which of the following best describes what is happening on the molecular scale in the section labelled 'd' on this graph?Question 25AnswerThe heat added breaks the intermolecular forces between the water molecules in the liquid phase allowing them to move into the gas phase. The heat added breaks the covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water generating hydrogen and oxygen gas.The heat added increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the gas phase, increasing their speed and increasing the number of collisions with the vessel walls.The heat added provides the energy required for the formation of new intermolecular forces allowing the liquid water molecules to move into the gas phase.The heat added increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid phase, increasing their motion and expanding the volume of the liquid.
Solution
The best description for what is happening on the molecular scale in the section labelled 'd' on the heating curve for water is: "The heat added breaks the intermolecular forces between the water molecules in the liquid phase allowing them to move into the gas phase."
In this phase, the heat energy is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the water molecules in the liquid phase. This allows the molecules to move further apart and transition into the gas phase. This process is known as vaporization or boiling. The temperature remains constant during this phase change, as all the heat energy is used to break the intermolecular forces, not to increase the temperature.
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