Workers are absent from the workplace for different reasons. It would be useful for managementto know the main reason for absenteeism.(a) Plan a study using a questionnaire to find the main reason for absenteeism among workers ina workplace.Your plan must include details about:• question format• sampling technique. [10](b) For one piece of psychological knowledge on which your plan is based:(i) Describe this psychological knowledge. [4](ii) Explain how you used two features of this psychological knowledge to plan your study.[4](c) (i) State two reasons for your choice of question format. [2](ii) Explain one weakness of your choice of question format. [2](iii) Explain one reason for your choice of sampling technique. [2]

(a) To find the main reason for absenteeism among workers in a workplace, a questionnaire study can be planned. The questionnaire can be structured in a Likert scale format, where workers rate their agreement or disagreement on a five-point scale for various potential reasons for absenteeism. These reasons could include factors like illness, stress, lack of motivation, personal issues, etc.

The sampling technique that can be used is stratified random sampling. In this technique, the workforce will be divided into different strata or groups based on relevant characteristics such as job role, department, age, gender, etc. Then, a random sample will be selected from each stratum to ensure that all groups are adequately represented in the sample.

(b) The psychological knowledge on which this plan is based is the theory of reasoned action. This theory suggests that individuals' behaviors are driven by their intentions, which are influenced by their attitudes towards the behavior and the subjective norms surrounding it.

(i) Two features of this psychological knowledge used to plan the study are the focus on individual attitudes and subjective norms. The Likert scale questions in the questionnaire are designed to gauge workers' attitudes towards different potential reasons for absenteeism. The stratified random sampling technique ensures that the subjective norms of different groups within the workforce are represented in the sample.

(c) (i) The Likert scale question format was chosen for two reasons. First, it allows for a nuanced understanding of workers' attitudes towards different potential reasons for absenteeism. Second, it is easy for respondents to understand and complete.

(ii) One weakness of the Likert scale question format is that it assumes that the distance between each point on the scale is equal, which may not always be the case from the respondent's perspective.

(iii) The stratified random sampling technique was chosen because it ensures that all relevant groups within the workforce are represented in the sample. This increases the likelihood that the findings of the study will be generalizable to the entire workforce.