Passage 5 (Questions 23 - 27)Stroke survivors often suffer through a period of altered mental status lasting weeks after the event. These changes can manifest as emotional difficulties, personality changes, or mental acuity impairments. Frontal lobe strokes can cause poor short term memory, reduced attention span, and depression. Strokes in the occipital lobe may result in Bálint's syndrome: inability to perceive the whole visual field, difficulty in fixating the eyes, and inability to move the hand to a specific target by using vision. Deficits often improve within a few weeks, but memory loss can be permanent. Memories closer to the event are the least likely to return.A neuroscientist hypothesized that magnetic stimulation of the frontal lobe may reduce memory loss. The scientist recruited four stroke survivors and tested their ability to recall life events that occurred years prior and new memories formed after the incident. Subjects 1 and 2 had damage primarily in the frontal lobe, whereas subjects 3 and 4 had occipital-frontal lobe damage. A partial summary of the results (for the tests assessing new memory formation) are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Subject post-stroke event recall test scores before and after treatmentAll subjects were given 30 minutes of stimulation, three times per day for two weeks. Tests of memory were administered before and after stimulation treatment. No change in recall of early life events or in skills learned early in life was observed. Question 27Traumatic brain injuries can leave patients with reduced ability to care for themselves, reducing their self-efficacy. This can subsequently lead to feelings of worthlessness if they come to perceive themselves as a burden, especially for those patients that had taken pride in their ability to provide for others. These changes likely represent a decrease in all of the following EXCEPT: A.self-esteem.B.self-awareness.C.self-identity.D.self-concept.
Question
Passage 5 (Questions 23 - 27)Stroke survivors often suffer through a period of altered mental status lasting weeks after the event. These changes can manifest as emotional difficulties, personality changes, or mental acuity impairments. Frontal lobe strokes can cause poor short term memory, reduced attention span, and depression. Strokes in the occipital lobe may result in Bálint's syndrome: inability to perceive the whole visual field, difficulty in fixating the eyes, and inability to move the hand to a specific target by using vision. Deficits often improve within a few weeks, but memory loss can be permanent. Memories closer to the event are the least likely to return.A neuroscientist hypothesized that magnetic stimulation of the frontal lobe may reduce memory loss. The scientist recruited four stroke survivors and tested their ability to recall life events that occurred years prior and new memories formed after the incident. Subjects 1 and 2 had damage primarily in the frontal lobe, whereas subjects 3 and 4 had occipital-frontal lobe damage. A partial summary of the results (for the tests assessing new memory formation) are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Subject post-stroke event recall test scores before and after treatmentAll subjects were given 30 minutes of stimulation, three times per day for two weeks. Tests of memory were administered before and after stimulation treatment. No change in recall of early life events or in skills learned early in life was observed. Question 27Traumatic brain injuries can leave patients with reduced ability to care for themselves, reducing their self-efficacy. This can subsequently lead to feelings of worthlessness if they come to perceive themselves as a burden, especially for those patients that had taken pride in their ability to provide for others. These changes likely represent a decrease in all of the following EXCEPT: A.self-esteem.B.self-awareness.C.self-identity.D.self-concept.
Solution
The question is asking which of the listed options is NOT likely to decrease following a traumatic brain injury that reduces a patient's ability to care for themselves. The options are self-esteem, self-awareness, self-identity, and self-concept.
A. Self-esteem: This is likely to decrease as the patient may feel less valuable or worthy due to their reduced ability to care for themselves.
B. Self-awareness: This could also decrease, as the patient may become less aware of their own abilities and limitations following the injury.
C. Self-identity: This is likely to decrease as well, as the patient's perception of themselves and their role (for example, as a provider) may change due to their reduced abilities.
D. Self-concept: This refers to how someone perceives, thinks, and feels about themselves. If a patient's ability to care for themselves is reduced, their self-concept is likely to change and potentially decrease.
Therefore, the answer is B. Self-awareness. While a traumatic brain injury can impact a person's self-awareness, it doesn't necessarily lead to a decrease in self-awareness. In fact, some patients may become more aware of their limitations and abilities following such an injury.
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