What principle of operant conditioning is exemplified when a teacher ignores a student who shouts out an answer rather than waiting to be called upon? a. negative reinforcement b. punishment c. time out d. extinction
Question
What principle of operant conditioning is exemplified when a teacher ignores a student who shouts out an answer rather than waiting to be called upon?
a. negative reinforcement
b. punishment
c. time out
d. extinction
Solution
The principle of operant conditioning exemplified when a teacher ignores a student who shouts out an answer rather than waiting to be called upon is d. extinction.
Here's why:
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Key concepts in operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.
a. Negative reinforcement is when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.
b. Punishment, in operant conditioning, refers to adding a negative consequence or withdrawing a positive consequence to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.
c. Time out is a type of negative punishment where a desirable stimulus is removed for a certain period of time to decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior.
d. Extinction, on the other hand, occurs when the reinforcements, either positive or negative, are removed in order to decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior. In this case, the teacher is ignoring (removing attention, a form of positive reinforcement) the student's behavior of shouting out answers, which will likely decrease this behavior in the future.
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