A standard six-sided die is rolled repeatedly until either a six comes up or two fives come up in a row. Find the probability that the die is rolled at least four times.
Question
A standard six-sided die is rolled repeatedly until either a six comes up or two fives come up in a row. Find the probability that the die is rolled at least four times.
Solution 1
To find the probability that the die is rolled at least four times, we need to find the probability that a six or two fives in a row do not come up in the first three rolls.
The probability of not getting a six in one roll is 5/6. So, the probability of not getting a six in three rolls is (5/6)^3 = 125/216.
The probability of not getting two fives in a row in three rolls is a bit more complicated. There are 6^3 = 216 possible outcomes in three rolls. The outcomes that include two fives in a row are: 55X, X55, and 555, where X can be any number from 1 to 6. There are 6 outcomes for 55X, 6 outcomes for X
Solution 2
The probability that the die is rolled at least four times means that neither a six comes up nor two fives come up in a row in the first three rolls.
The probability that a six comes up in a single roll is 1/6, so the probability that a six does not come up is 5/6.
The probability that two fives come up in a row in two rolls is (1/6) * (1/6) = 1/36, so the probability that two fives do not come up in a row is 1 - 1/36 = 35/36.
For the die to be rolled at least four times, neither a six nor two fives in a row can come up in the first three rolls. The events of each roll are independent, so we can multiply the probabilities together:
P(at least four rolls) = P(no six in first roll) * P(no six in second roll) * P(no six or two fives in a row in third roll) = (5/6) * (5/6) * [(5/6) * (35/36)] = 125/216 * 35/36 = 4375/7776 = 0.5625
So, the probability that the die is rolled at least four times is approximately 0.5625.
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