Like their counterparts in the Roman senatorial class (wealthy Romans who were eligibleto serve as senators) whom they imitated, they dedicated a significant part of their agriculturalprofits to increasing their status by building fine residences in the nearest significant city or townand by providing expensive benefits, such as games, gifts of food, temples, theaters, schools,aqueducts, and baths.5. Paragraph 4 supports all of the following statements about wealthy, larger landownersEXCEPT:A: They served as government officials in European citiesB: They generally favored the development of citiesC: They were less concerned about social status than Roman senators were.D: They were the greatest beneficiaries of the agricultural market economy.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leaveout essential information.A: Roman senators attempted to raise their status by increasing their agricultural profits so theycould spend more on fine homes and expensive entertainment.B: In imitation of Roman senators, they tried to raise their status by building expensive urbanhomes and providing benefits for city dwellers.C: Although they imitated Roman senators by building fine homes and providing benefits for urbanpopulations, they were not regarded as members of the senatorial class.D: To impress their counterparts in the Roman senate, they used their wealth and status to build finhomes and provide benefits for the urban population

Paragraph 4: The resulting agricultural prosperity in turn affected the nature of towns in agriculturalregions. In both Italy and the provinces, the larger landowners profited most from thecommercialization fostered by Rome, and they largely supported increased urbanization from thetime of Augustus. The wealthy local landowners became the backbone and lifeblood of the curialclass, the local aristocrats who filled the governing councils of cities and municipalities all overEurope. Like their counterparts in the Roman senatorial class (wealthy Romans who were eligibleto serve as senators) whom they imitated, they dedicated a significant part of their agriculturalprofits to increasing their status by building fine residences in the nearest significant city or townand by providing expensive benefits, such as games, gifts of food, temples, theaters, schools,aqueducts, and baths.5. Paragraph 4 supports all of the following statements about wealthy, larger landownersEXCEPT:A: They served as government officials in European citiesB: They generally favored the development of citiesC: They were less concerned about social status than Roman senators were.D: They were the greatest beneficiaries of the agricultural market economy.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leaveout essential information.A: Roman senators attempted to raise their status by increasing their agricultural profits so theycould spend more on fine homes and expensive entertainment.B: In imitation of Roman senators, they tried to raise their status by building expensive urbanhomes and providing benefits for city dwellers.C: Although they imitated Roman senators by building fine homes and providing benefits for urbanpopulations, they were not regarded as members of the senatorial class.D: To impress their counterparts in the Roman senate, they used their wealth and status to build finhomes and provide benefits for the urban population

Paragraph 5: These amenities attracted more population by making the growing cities and townsmore appealing places in which to live and by creating employment in the building trades and in theprovision of goods and services to a growing population. Thus, in many places, there occurred anupward spiral of urban development fueled by the profits of local landowners who were part of anelaborate network of suppliers who funneled food and raw materials from their estates to Rome. Ofcourse, some of these cities were significant markets themselves and further enriched the locallandowners, who also produced for them.7. How is paragraph 5 related to the discussion of wealthy landowners in paragraph 4?A: Paragraph 5 explains why cities needed the changes that paragraph 4 describes theselandowners as making.B: Paragraph 5 discusses challenges that these landowners faced in trying to change cities in theways described in paragraph 4C: Paragraph 5 examines ways that public perceptions of these landowners changed in responseto actions described in paragraph 4D: Paragraph 5 points out various consequences of actions by these landowners described inparagraph 4.Paragraph 6: Places in Italy that were particularly well situated within the elaborate network ofroads and waterways that funneled supplies to Rome had grown to be rather large and significanturban centers by the mid-first century A.D. For example, the crucial ports of Puteoli and Ostia,where ships unloaded cargoes bound for Rome, reached populations of 30,000. On the other hand,being too close to Rome or another major growing center could spell a city's decline. Many oldcities in the regions of Etruria and Latium are good examples. The wealthy landowners in theirterritories generally concentrated their efforts on acquiring status in Rome itself, and the formerlyflourishing centers withered and died.8. According to paragraph 6. why did Puteoli and Ostia become important ports?A: Their large populations could supply enough workers to unload cargoes.B: They were home to wealthy landowners who achieved high status in RomeC: They were advantageously placed along supply routes to Rome.D: They had large populations even before the mid-first century AD

Paragraph 3: Rome's insatiable demand for food had an impact on agriculture in Rome's provinces.More and more farmers were producing for profitable markets rather than just for subsistence.Although part of Rome's need for grain was met through taxes on provincial producers, the rest wasacquired through purchase from both those and Italian producers. Similarly, landowners in thegrain-producing areas of Sicily, Sardinia, North Africa, and Egypt profited from the enormous effortsto supply Rome. Likewise, along the Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Gaul (modern France) andup the valley of the Rhone River, vineyards and olive groves were beginning to produce largequantities of wine and oil for the lucrative Roman market.4. The word “lucrative” in the passage is closest in meaning toA: profitable B: expanding C: competitive D: distant

Who were identified as the rich and powerful people of Roman society?Question 10Answera.Dictatorsb.Slavesc.Patriciansd.P

10. Directions: an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is providedbelow. Complete the summary be selecting the THREE answer choices that express themost important ideas in the passage.The reign of Emperor Augustus ushered in long period of peace and prosperity for the RomanEmpire.●●●Answer choicesA: The growth of the city of Rome stimulated the growth of other urban areas, and urban growthbenefited rural areas by increasing the demand for food.B: To supply Rome and other cities, farmers began producing more food than their families neededand an agricultural market economy developed.C: Cities that had grown up along the supply routes to Rome eventually declined as Rome began toproduce its own supplies.D: Although wealthy landowners built tine houses for themselves, urban workers were poorly paidand lived in unhealthy conditions.E: Urban growth changed agriculture in the Roman Empire by encouraging farmers to grow newtypes of crops and to grow crops in regions where they had not previously been grown.F: Large landowners benefited the most from urban growth and spent money to improve theirpersonal status and to develop and improve public areas