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Which of the following require firms to pay to pollute?(i)corrective taxes(ii)tradable pollution permits(iii)pollution regulationsGroup of answer choicesboth (i) and (ii)both (ii) and (iii)(i) only(iii) only

Question

Which of the following require firms to pay to pollute?(i)corrective taxes(ii)tradable pollution permits(iii)pollution regulationsGroup of answer choicesboth (i) and (ii)both (ii) and (iii)(i) only(iii) only

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Solution

Both (i) corrective taxes and (ii) tradable pollution permits require firms to pay to pollute.

(i) Corrective taxes, also known as Pigovian taxes, are used to tax firms that pollute, making them pay for the negative externality they are creating. This gives firms an incentive to reduce their pollution to avoid the tax.

(ii) Tradable pollution permits, also known as cap and trade systems, set a maximum limit on the amount of pollution that can be emitted. Firms that pollute less can sell their unused permits to firms that pollute more, effectively making those firms pay to pollute more.

(iii) Pollution regulations, on the other hand, typically do not require firms to pay to pollute. Instead, they set standards or limits on the amount or type of pollution that firms can emit. Firms may face fines or penalties if they do not comply with these regulations, but they are not paying to pollute, they are paying for not complying with the law.

So, the correct answer is both (i) and (ii).

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