To operate correctly, starting a ring counter requires:a.preset one and reset every other FFb.reset one and preset every other FFc.preset all the flip flopsd.reset all the flip-flops

To operate correctly, starting a ring counter requires: b. reset one and preset every other FF.

Here's why:

A ring counter is a type of counter composed of flip-flops (FF) connected into a shift register, with the output of the last flip-flop fed to the input of the first, making a "circular" or "ring" structure.

When starting a ring counter, one flip-flop must be set to the initial state (1 or "preset") while all others are cleared (0 or "reset"). This is because in a ring counter, only one flip-flop should be in the set state at any given time. As the counter operates,