The rapid deindustrialization from 1980’s to 1990’s destroyed many manufacturing jobs becauseQuestion 18Answera.the productivity growth in manufacturing far below servicesb.All of themc.Appropriately designed industrial policy in HK during 80s and 90s facilitated the development of service-based economyd.Hong Kong lost its comparative advantage in manufacturing

The question seems to be asking why many manufacturing jobs were destroyed during the rapid deindustrialization from the 1980s to the 1990s. The options provided are:

a. The productivity growth in manufacturing was far below services b. All of them c. Appropriately designed industrial policy in Hong Kong during the 80s and 90s facilitated the development of a service-based economy d. Hong Kong lost its comparative advantage in manufacturing

To answer this question, we need to consider each option:

a. If the productivity growth in manufacturing was far below services, it could mean that manufacturing became less profitable, leading to job losses.

b. "All of them" suggests that all the options contributed to the loss of manufacturing jobs.

c. If Hong Kong implemented policies that favored the development of a service-based economy, it could have led to a shift away from manufacturing, resulting in job losses in that sector.

d. If Hong Kong lost its comparative advantage in manufacturing, it would mean that other countries could produce the same goods more efficiently or at a lower cost. This could lead to a decrease in manufacturing jobs in Hong Kong as production shifts to these other countries.

Without more context, it's difficult to say which option is the correct answer. However, it's likely that a combination of these factors contributed to the loss of manufacturing jobs during this period. Therefore, option b, "All of them", could be a possible answer.