Question 5What is Newcomb’s paradox?1 point People behave irrationally when faced with decisions which involve large sums of money.People prefer a small chance at winning $1 million than a high chance of winning $1000.People will behave differently if playing games against a computer compared to playing them with a human opponent.People sometimes change their behavior when they learn about a prediction which has been made about the future.
Question
Question 5What is Newcomb’s paradox?1 point People behave irrationally when faced with decisions which involve large sums of money.People prefer a small chance at winning 1000.People will behave differently if playing games against a computer compared to playing them with a human opponent.People sometimes change their behavior when they learn about a prediction which has been made about the future.
Solution
Newcomb’s paradox es un problema de decisión teórica que involucra dos cajas y un predictor infalible. Aquí está la explicación paso a paso:
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Descripción del escenario: Imagina que hay dos cajas, Caja A y Caja B. Caja A siempre contiene 1,000,000 o nada.
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El predictor: Un ser o máquina con una capacidad predictiva casi perfecta ha hecho una predicción sobre tu elección. Si el predictor cree que tomarás solo la Caja B, entonces ha puesto $1,000,000 en ella. Si el predictor cree que tomarás ambas cajas, entonces no ha puesto nada en la Caja B.
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Tus opciones: Tienes dos opciones:
- Tomar solo la Caja B.
- Tomar ambas cajas (Caja A y Caja B).
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El dilema:
- Si confías en el predictor y tomas solo la Caja B, y el predictor es correcto, obtendrás $1,000,000.
- Si tomas ambas cajas, y el predictor es correcto, obtendrás solo $1,000 (porque la Caja B estará vacía).
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La paradoja: La paradoja surge porque, desde un punto de vista racional, parece que deberías tomar ambas cajas para asegurarte al menos 1,000,000.
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Conclusión: La paradoja pone en conflicto dos principios de la teoría de la decisión: la maximización de la utilidad esperada y la dominancia. La elección racional parece depender de si confías en la capacidad predictiva del predictor.
En resumen, Newcomb’s paradox ilustra cómo las personas pueden cambiar su comportamiento cuando conocen una predicción sobre el futuro, especialmente cuando esa predicción afecta directamente el resultado de sus decisiones.
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