n Sweden, extractive industries are placing increasing pressure on the traditional indigenous Sami livelihood ofreindeer herding. Consequently, the intersection of indigenous rights and mining-related development inSweden has become an increasingly contested socio-legal space. In this article, we analyse the extent to whichthere are meaningful opportunities for Sami reindeer herding communities in Sweden to effectively influence thepermit procedures concerning proposed mines, in order to protect their rights and interests. We provide acomprehensive socio-legal analysis that highlights the weak level of recognition of Sami rights and relatedimpact assessments within the mining permitting system in Sweden. We demonstrate the weakness is caused byseveral factors: an a priori assumption by Swedish authorities that reindeer herding and mining can generally co-exist; the lack of a codified Swedish State duty to consult the Sami; the narrow scope and the weak status ofcumulative impact assessments in Swedish EIA legislation and practice; and the weak recognition of Samireindeer herding as a “property right” during the permit review process under the balancing of competing land-uses. Our results highlight the urgent need for legislative reform in Sweden, if the State is to fulfil its interna-tional obligations and improve its legal consistency concerning the rights of the Sami as an indigenous people.

The Sami are an indigenous people living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia’s Kola peninsula. Originally, the Sami religion was animistic; that is, for them, nature and natural objects had a conscious life, a spirit. Therefore, one was expected to move quietly in the wilderness and avoid making a disturbance out of courtesy to these spirits. Ghengis Khan is said to have declared that the Sami were one people he would never try to fight again. Because the Sami were not warriors and did not believe in war, they disappeared in times of conflict. They were known as “peaceful retreaters.”Question: What is the meaning of the underlined word courtesy as it is used in the passage?Question 10Answera.fearb.respectc.timidityd.caution

The Sami are an indigenous people living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia’s Kola peninsula. Originally, the Sami religion was animistic; that is, for them, nature and natural objects had a conscious life, a spirit. Therefore, one was expected to move quietly in the wilderness and avoid making a disturbance out of courtesy to these spirits. Ghengis Khan is said to have declared that the Sami were one people he would never try to fight again. Because the Sami were not warriors and did not believe in war, they disappeared in times of conflict. They were known as “peaceful retreaters.”Question: The closest meaning of the underlined word animistic, as it is used in the passage, isQuestion 2Answera.the primitive belief that people can be reincarnated as animals.b.the belief that animals are gods.c.the belief that animals and plants have souls.d.the irrational belief in supernatural beings.

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Sweden is considered as one of the top-ranked countries with a systematic sustainability drive. What is the irrelevant element in their action plan? a. Social equality and gender equality b. Equality in education c. Sustainable and healthy food chain d. Knowledge and innovation

The ITRG identified 5 broad groups in terms of the views of stakeholders around their attitude to the presence of wild horses and the need for their control in KNP. Identify which stakeholder matches each of these views.Group of answer choicesSupports the presence of horses in KNP and believes no form of control is necessarySupports the presence of horses in KNP, but accepts the need for some management and controlAgainst the presence of horses in KNP, but accepts management, not eradication, as the goalAgainst the presence of horses in KNP and believes they should be completely eradicatedNo specific view on the presence of horses in KNP, but has an interest in the way they are managed