Context: waht are templates in c++ explain briefly

Templates in C++ are a powerful feature that allows programmers to write generic code. They are a way to make your programs more abstract by letting you write code that is independent of any particular type.

The idea behind templates is to pass data type as a parameter so we can create a function or a class that can work with different data types. It's like a blueprint from which you can create instances for any data type.

There are two kinds of templates in C++:

1. Function Templates: Function templates are used to create a family of functions with different argument types.

2. Class Templates: Class templates are used to create a family of classes.

Here is a simple example of a function template:

template <typename T>
T max(T a, T b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

In this example, T is a placeholder for any data type. The function max takes two parameters of any type (as long as they are the same) and returns the larger of the two.

This function can now be used with any data type that supports the '>' operator, like so:

int main() {
    cout << max<int>(3, 7); // Output: 7
    cout << max<double>(3.14, 2.73); // Output: 3.14
}

In this way, templates provide a way to write more flexible, reusable and efficient code in C++.