State the three variables and discuss the manipulation of the variables.Independent variableDependent variableControlled variable

Sure, here is the explanation of the three types of variables you mentioned:

1. Independent Variable: This is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. For example, if you are testing the effect of different amounts of sunlight on plant growth, the amount of sunlight would be the independent variable.

2. Dependent Variable: This is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. The dependent variable is 'dependent' on the independent variable. In the previous example, the growth of the plant would be the dependent variable.

3. Controlled Variable: These are the variables that remain constant throughout the experiment, and each is an element that must not change during the experiment. Using the same example, the type of plant used would be a controlled variable to ensure that the results are due to the different amounts of sunlight and not different types of plants.

Manipulation of Variables:

In an experiment, you manipulate the independent variable and measure the effect it has on the dependent variable. You control other relevant variables to ensure that they don’t interfere with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. For example, you might change the amount of sunlight a plant gets each day (independent variable) to see how it affects the plant's growth (dependent variable), while keeping all other factors like water, temperature, and type of plant the same (controlled variables).