In ancient India, chemistry was calledRasayan Shastra, Rastantra, Ras Kriya orRasvidya. It included metallurgy, medicine,manufacture of cosmetics, glass, dyes, etc.Systematic excavations at Mohenjodaro inSindh and Harappa in Punjab prove that thestory of development of chemistry in India isvery old. Archaeological findings show thatbaked bricks were used in construction work.It shows the mass production of pottery, whichcan be regarded as the earliest chemical process,in which materials were mixed, moulded andsubjected to heat by using fire to achievedesirable qualities. Remains of glazed potteryhave been found in Mohenjodaro. Gypsumcement has been used in the construction work.It contains lime, sand and traces of CaCO3.Harappans made faience, a sort of glass whichwas used in ornaments. They melted and forgeda variety of objects from metals, such as lead,silver, gold and copper. They improved thehardness of copper for making artefacts byusing tin and arsenic. A number of glass objectswere found in Maski in South India (1000–900BCE), and Hastinapur and Taxila in NorthIndia (1000–200 BCE). Glass and glazes werecoloured by addition of colouring agents likemetal oxides

In ancient India, chemistry was calledRasayan Shastra, Rastantra, Ras Kriya orRasvidya. It included metallurgy, medicine,manufacture of cosmetics, glass, dyes, etc

Archaeological findings showthat baked bricks were used in constructionwork. It shows the mass production ofpottery, which can be regarded as the earliestchemical process, in which materials weremixed, moulded and subjected to heat byusing fire to achieve desirable qualities.Remains of glazed pottery have been found inMohenjodaro

Earliest references of pottery are found in ____________ civilization

Class 12 History Notes Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan CivilisationJune 3, 2019 by BhagyaClass 12 History Notes Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan CivilisationHarappan Civilisation is also known as Indus Valley Civilisation. It is the oldest Civilisation of India.There is no consensus about the chronology of the Harappan Civilisation.Various scholars have given different dates about this period.According to Sir John Marshall, “this civilisation flourished between 3250 and 2750 BCE”.It was Daya Ram Sahni, who first discovered the sites of Harappan in 1921.The main centres of this civilisation are in Pakistan. The same famous sites of this civilisation (now in Pakistan) are Mohenjodaro and Chanhudaro.The main centre where this Civilisation flourished in India are Kalibangan, Sangol, Pengplor, Lothal, Dholavira and Banawali.The urban planning of this civilisation was very magnificent. The houses were built in a systematic manner. Roads were wide and cut each other at right angle.The people of Indus Valley Civilisation had also made best planning for the drainage of rainwater and dirty water.The caste system was not present in the society. All the people lived together with mutual love and understanding.% The women held a high position or rank in the society.They were fond of fashion. The economic life the people was very prosperous.The main occupations of the people were the agriculture and domestication of animals.Trade was well developed. Both maternal and external trade was carried out.The people worshipped many gods and goddesses. They worshipped mother goddesses, Lord Shiva, animal, birds, trees and the Sun.They knew arts and crafts. They knew the art of making beautiful sculptures, toys, pottery, ornaments, etc. They were skilled in the production of seals.The languages used by them on the seals is still to be deciphered. If one is able to decipher their script inscribed on the seals, it will throw a flood of the light on the various aspects of the Harappan Civilisation.The main sources of our information of Harappan Civilisation is archaeological materials. The excavation carried out at Indus sites tries to reconstruct the history of this civilisation.During the excavation of Indus sites, many tools, pottery, seals, household objects, etc. have excavated.All these excavated materials are deeply examined by the archaeologists.Many historians like Cunningham, R.E.M. Wheeler, John Marshall and G.F.Dates have played a valuable role in reconstructing the history of the ancient past including the Indus Valley Civilisation sites.Many Indian archaeologists like Daya Ram Sahni, S.R. Rao, R.S. Bisht and B.K. Thapar have played a great role in excavations of the Indus sites.Indus Valley Civilisation is also known as Bronze Age Civilisation, because people used bronze extensively for making their pottery, figure lines and ornaments.Almost 1900 BCE, these were explicit signs about the decline of this civilisation.By this time the two most important cities of Indus Valley-Mohenjodaro and Harappa had been completely declined.Around 1200 BCE, this civilisation had completely vanished. Epidemic, Aryan Invasion, change in the course of the river Indus, excessive floods, earthquake, etc. may be the main reasons for the decline of this civilisation.

Which of the following was not produced in India around the 6th century CE?1 pointCottonGlassWool