Commercial harvesting of the sea floor for cobalt and manganese could soon be approved by the US government. However, scientists warn that deep-sea mining can have unintended consequences on fragile deep-sea ecosystems. In a recent study, Vanessa Stenvers, a marine ecologist at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, claimed that deep-sea mining could be deadly to deep-sea jellyfish. She studied how jellyfish react if exposed to sediment concentrations representative of what the animals would experience during mining.Which finding from Stenvers’ research, if true, would most directly support her claim?Compared to jellyfish not exposed to the sediment, jellyfish who were exposed saw a 10% increase in body weight.eliminateBoth jellyfish exposed and not exposed to the sediment have seen populations shrink in the last fifty years. eliminateThe sediment forced the jellyfish to exert more effort to swim, which made it difficult for them to hunt for food. eliminateThe sediment was found to contain trace amounts of heavy metals like cobalt and zinc.

Argument: The exploitation of natural resources in the Black Sea, particularly through projects like Neptun Deep, poses significant environmental risks that outweigh the potential economic benefits.Introduction:The motion before the house is whether the exploitation of natural resources in the Black Sea should be supported, specifically through projects like Neptun Deep. While the economic benefits of such projects are often highlighted, it is essential to examine the environmental costs associated with deep-water extraction. I will argue that the environmental risks of these activities, including ecosystem damage and pollution, present significant long-term threats that outweigh any short-term economic gains.Point 1: Ecosystem DamageThe Black Sea is home to a diverse and delicate marine ecosystem that is already under pressure from overfishing, climate change, and pollution. The introduction of large-scale extraction activities, such as those proposed in the Neptun Deep project, poses a direct threat to this ecosystem. The process of drilling and extracting natural gas from deep-water reserves involves disturbing the seabed, which can have severe consequences for marine life.For example, the drilling process can lead to the displacement of sediment, which smothers seabed habitats and disrupts the life cycles of various species. Moreover, the noise and vibrations from drilling operations can disorient marine mammals, fish, and other marine life, leading to disruptions in migration patterns, feeding habits, and breeding cycles. Such disruptions can cause a decline in local biodiversity, weakening the resilience of the marine ecosystem and making it more vulnerable to other environmental stressors.Furthermore, the introduction of infrastructure like pipelines and drilling rigs can lead to habitat fragmentation, making it difficult for species to move freely and access vital resources. This can result in a decline in population numbers and, in some cases, could push endangered species closer to extinction. The loss of biodiversity in the Black Sea would not only be a tragedy for the environment but would also have knock-on effects on the local communities that rely on marine resources for their livelihoods.Point 2: Pollution RisksIn addition to direct ecosystem damage, the Neptun Deep project and similar initiatives carry significant pollution risks. Offshore drilling is inherently risky, with the potential for oil spills, gas leaks, and the discharge of harmful chemicals into the marine environment. Even with advanced technology and stringent safety measures, accidents can and do happen, as evidenced by numerous oil spills worldwide.An oil spill in the Black Sea would have catastrophic consequences. Oil is highly toxic to marine life, coating the feathers of seabirds, suffocating fish, and destroying the insulating properties of marine mammals' fur. The cleanup of an oil spill is both costly and time-consuming, and the environmental damage can persist for decades, if not longer.Moreover, even in the absence of major accidents, routine drilling operations release smaller amounts of pollutants into the water. These include drilling fluids, heavy metals, and other toxic substances that can accumulate in the food chain, eventually impacting not only marine life but also human health. The pollution generated by such projects could devastate local fishing industries, harm tourism, and degrade the quality of life for coastal communities.Conclusion:In conclusion, while the exploitation of natural resources in the Black Sea through projects like Neptun Deep may promise economic benefits, the environmental risks involved are too great to ignore. The potential for ecosystem damage and pollution presents long-term threats to the region's biodiversity, economy, and the well-being of its people. Therefore, this house should oppose the exploitation of natural resources in the Black Sea, prioritizing environmental sustainability over short-term economic gain.

Why do not actively extract valuable elements such as gold from oceanwater?A: Ocean water don’t contain much amount of goldB: Gold is located at too great depth to bring to surfaceC: Extraction of gold from ocean water is not profitableD: We DON’T have the technology to remove gold from ocean floor

ater pollution becomes a big problem around the world. Many rivers and seas(not/be)………………………………safe to fish in or swim in due to water pollution. Industrial toxicwaste which contains heavy metals like plastics may (to/kill) ………………………………marine lifevery (quick)………………………… These pollutants in the water can cause serious health problemsand sometimes even lead to (die) ……………………………

When it comes to jellyfish, most people think of the strong and sometimes dangerous stings that jellyfish can deliver. These people might be surprised, however, to learn about the jellyfish that live on the Pacific island of Palau. The jellyfish that live in Jellyfish Lake are not harmful to humans. The sting of these jellyfish is so weak that, in most cases, humans do not feel it. Those who travel to Palau can swim in Jellyfish Lake, which teems with these creatures. Jellyfish Lake gives tourists the opportunity to observe these amazing creatures without the risk of being harmed.Which BEST summarizes the paragraph?ResponsesA Not all jellyfish sting people; in fact, some jellyfish don't sting.Not all jellyfish sting people; in fact, some jellyfish don't sting.B When many people think of jellyfish, they think that jellyfish are dangerous creatures indeed.When many people think of jellyfish, they think that jellyfish are dangerous creatures indeed.C Many people wish to have the opportunity to observe a lot of sea creatures, especially jellyfish.Many people wish to have the opportunity to observe a lot of sea creatures, especially jellyfish.D Although the sting of most jellyfish is painful to humans, the jellyfish that live on the island of Palau have an extremely weak sting.

Marine DebrisSource: National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationMarine debris is a persistent pollution problem that reaches throughout the entire ocean and Great Lakes. Our ocean and waterways are polluted with a wide variety of marine debris, ranging from tiny microplastics, smaller than 5 mm, to derelict fishing gear and abandoned vessels. Worldwide, hundreds of marine species have been negatively impacted by marine debris, which can harm or kill an animal when it is ingested or they become entangled, and can threaten the habitats they depend on. Marine debris can also interfere with navigation safety and potentially pose a threat to human health.All marine debris comes from people with a majority of it originating on land and entering the ocean and Great Lakes through littering, poor waste management practices, storm water discharge, and extreme natural events such as tsunamis and hurricanes. Some debris, such as derelict fishing gear, can also come from ocean-based sources. This lost or abandoned gear is a major problem because it can continue to capture and kill wildlife, damage sensitive habitats, and even compete with and damage active fishing gear.   3Select the correct answer.What is the key idea of this passage? A. Littering is harmful to the water supply and marine life. B. Marine pollution is not only devasting to marine life, but to human health. C. Hunting and water sports are endangering the safety of marine life. D. People are the main cause of marine pollution.