Among firefighters and other "first responders" to the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, there have been reports of increased alcohol-related difficulties (e.g., DUI). A survey of 9/11 first responders (On the Front Line: The Work of First Responders in a Post-9/11 World) conducted by Cornell researcher Samuel Bacharach was released in 2004. To see the report, click here. Based on the research, we can construct the following two-way table of observed counts:Using the data from this research, we would like to investigate whether alcohol risk among New York firefighters is significantly related to participation in the 9/11 rescue.There are two categorical variables in this problem:* Alcohol risk (none, moderate to severe)* Participation in the 9/11 rescue (yes, no)Which is the explanatory variable and which is the response?Reset this ActivityConduct exploratory analysis of the data by calculating the conditional percentages. Summarize your findings. Recall that we calculate the percentages of the response variable for each category of the explanatory variable separately.

The explanatory variable in this case would be "Participation in the 9/11 rescue" as this is the factor that we are considering might influence or explain changes in the response variable. The response variable would be "Alcohol risk" as this is the outcome we are interested in, which might be influenced by the explanatory variable.

To conduct exploratory analysis of the data, you would calculate the conditional percentages. This involves calculating the percentage of firefighters with none or moderate to severe alcohol risk within each category of the explanatory variable (participation in the 9/11 rescue).

For example, if there were 100 firefighters who participated in the 9/11 rescue and 30 of them had moderate to severe alcohol risk, the conditional percentage of firefighters with moderate to severe alcohol risk who participated in the rescue would be 30%.

Similarly, you would calculate the percentage of firefighters with none or moderate to severe alcohol risk among those who did not participate in the rescue.

By comparing these percentages, you can get an idea of whether alcohol risk seems to be related to participation in the 9/11 rescue. If the percentages are very different, it suggests that there might be a relationship. However, this is just an exploratory analysis and does not prove that participation in the rescue causes changes in alcohol risk. To investigate this further, you would need to conduct a statistical test.