Sorting ProgramIn answering each questions, consider the program below:#include <iostream>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;// Function to perform Bubble Sort on an arrayvoid bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++) { // Swap if the element found is greater than the next element if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) { swap(arr[j], arr[j + 1]); } } }}int main() { // Given array of 10 numbers int numbers[] = {4, 2, 7, 1, 9, 5, 8, 3, 10, 6}; int n = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]); // Call the bubbleSort function to sort the array bubbleSort(numbers, n); // Display the sorted array cout << "Sorted array: "; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << numbers[i] << " "; } return 0;}---------------------------------------------------------------------------Definition of Terms in the given questions below:In the context of the Bubble Sort algorithm, a "pass" refers to a complete iteration through the array. During each pass, the algorithm compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. After each pass, the largest unsorted element is guaranteed to be in its correct position.The number of passes needed to sort an array of size n is generally n - 1. This is because, after the first pass, the largest element is in its correct place, and after the second pass, the second largest element is in its correct place, and so on. After n - 1 passes, the smallest element is also in its correct place, and the array is fully sorted.For example, if you have an array of 5 elements, you would typically need 4 passes to sort it. Each pass contributes to placing one more element in its correct position within the sorted portion of the array.
Question
Sorting ProgramIn answering each questions, consider the program below:#include <iostream>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;// Function to perform Bubble Sort on an arrayvoid bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++) { // Swap if the element found is greater than the next element if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) { swap(arr[j], arr[j + 1]); } } }}int main() { // Given array of 10 numbers int numbers[] = {4, 2, 7, 1, 9, 5, 8, 3, 10, 6}; int n = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]); // Call the bubbleSort function to sort the array bubbleSort(numbers, n); // Display the sorted array cout << "Sorted array: "; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << numbers[i] << " "; } return 0;}---------------------------------------------------------------------------Definition of Terms in the given questions below:In the context of the Bubble Sort algorithm, a "pass" refers to a complete iteration through the array. During each pass, the algorithm compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. After each pass, the largest unsorted element is guaranteed to be in its correct position.The number of passes needed to sort an array of size n is generally n - 1. This is because, after the first pass, the largest element is in its correct place, and after the second pass, the second largest element is in its correct place, and so on. After n - 1 passes, the smallest element is also in its correct place, and the array is fully sorted.For example, if you have an array of 5 elements, you would typically need 4 passes to sort it. Each pass contributes to placing one more element in its correct position within the sorted portion of the array.
Solution
To understand the given program, let's break it down step by step:
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The program starts with including the necessary libraries, iostream and algorithm.
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The namespace std is used to avoid writing std:: before standard library functions.
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The bubbleSort function is defined, which takes an array (arr) and its size (n) as parameters. This function implements the Bubble Sort algorithm to sort the array in ascending order.
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Inside the bubbleSort function, there are two nested for loops. The outer loop iterates from 0 to n - 1, representing the number of passes needed to sort the array.
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The inner loop iterates from 0 to n - 1 - i, where i is the current pass number. This loop compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.
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The swap function from the algorithm library is used to swap the elements.
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The main function is defined, which is the entry point of the program.
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An array of 10 numbers is declared and initialized.
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The size of the array is calculated using the sizeof operator and divided by the size of a single element to get the number of elements in the array.
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The bubbleSort function is called, passing the array and its size as arguments.
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After sorting the array, a loop is used to display the sorted array.
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Finally, the main function returns 0 to indicate successful execution of the program.
In the given context, a "pass" refers to a complete iteration through the array, where adjacent elements are compared and swapped if necessary. The number of passes needed to sort an array of size n is generally n - 1. Each pass contributes to placing one more element in its correct position within the sorted portion of the array.
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